Epp Foundation Repair: Blog

Why foundation problems are common in Des Moines homes.

Dave Epp — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Des Moines sits in a geographic and geological situation that is unusually hard on residential foundations. Understanding why requires a look at what's happening underground, and what changes above it every winter.

Iowa's clay-heavy soils are the primary driver

Much of the Des Moines metro sits on glacially deposited clay soils, particularly in older neighborhoods west and south of downtown. Unlike the loess that dominates much of eastern Nebraska, Iowa's clay soils undergo dramatic volume changes with moisture. When saturated after spring rains, they expand against basement walls. When they dry out through a hot Iowa summer, they shrink and pull away from footings. Creating voids that allow settlement.

Homes built on fill over former wetlands, which describes a significant portion of the city's mid-century residential stock, face compounding risk. The fill itself is often poorly compacted and continues to consolidate for decades.

Freeze-thaw cycles compound the damage every winter

Des Moines averages 50 to 70 freeze-thaw cycles per year, with frost penetrating to 36 to 42 inches. Deep enough to apply significant lateral pressure to basement walls on the freeze cycle. Walls already under hydrostatic pressure from clay expansion are particularly vulnerable. A wall that holds through ten seasons can fail in the eleventh if drainage has worsened or if the season's moisture pattern was unusually wet.

Horizontal cracking near the mid-height of basement walls is the most common result. These cracks are almost always a freeze-thaw story in this region. Not a structural deficiency in the original construction.

Older construction dates matter

Homes built in Des Moines between 1945 and 1980 are disproportionately represented in our inspection data. This era predates modern drainage requirements, granular backfill standards, and the widespread use of drain tile systems. Many of these homes were built with clay backfill against the foundation walls. The same material that expands in wet conditions and transmits full lateral soil pressure during freeze cycles.

The combination of clay backfill, no drain tile, and no waterproofing membrane creates a foundation that is under sustained moisture and pressure load every spring. The failure is slow, predictable, and entirely diagnosable with an on-site inspection.

The Des Moines River watershed adds drainage complexity

Homes in neighborhoods that sit in or near the watershed. Including parts of Beaverdale, Windsor Heights, and older sections of Urbandale. Experience elevated groundwater during wet years. This isn't simply surface drainage. The water table itself rises, and hydrostatic pressure builds from below the footing as well as laterally from the backfill. Basement floors crack and heave under this combined load in ways that surface drainage improvements alone can't address.

What to watch for in a Des Moines home

The signs that suggest a foundation evaluation is warranted include: horizontal cracks in basement block walls (especially cracks running more than halfway across the wall length), sticking doors or windows that developed the problem within the last year or two, floors that have developed a perceptible slope or bounce, and any inward bowing or deflection you can see along a basement wall.

None of these get better on their own. A free on-site inspection will tell you whether what you're seeing is cosmetic, structural, or somewhere in between. We see the full range, and we'll tell you honestly which one applies to your home.

2026 Omaha commercial foundation repair guide for business owners.

Dave Epp — Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Commercial foundation problems in Omaha follow many of the same geological patterns as residential ones. Loess soils, freeze-thaw cycles, drainage failures, but the stakes are different. A residential foundation crack is a homeowner problem. A commercial foundation crack is a liability, an occupancy issue, and a business continuity problem.

How commercial foundation problems differ from residential

Commercial structures typically carry heavier concentrated loads, have larger footprints spanning varying soil conditions, and were often built on sites graded and filled differently than residential neighborhoods. Loading docks, mechanical rooms, and parking structures create point loads that residential construction rarely encounters. A strip mall's slab may handle fork traffic in one bay and foot traffic in another. Differential loading alone can drive uneven settlement across a single building.

The other key difference is timeline. Residential foundation problems often develop over years. Commercial problems can appear and worsen quickly, particularly in structures with inadequate drainage, aging waterproofing, or deferred maintenance.

Warning signs in Omaha commercial buildings

The indicators that warrant an evaluation in a commercial context are similar to residential ones but visible at larger scale: diagonal cracks from the corners of window and door openings, gaps between slab sections at expansion joints that are widening, floor areas with noticeable slope (most apparent in warehouses or manufacturing spaces where forklifts roll unevenly), exterior masonry with stair-step cracking through mortar joints, and retaining walls showing rotation or outward lean.

Water intrusion that was previously managed but has worsened over a season is often the earliest indicator that the underlying foundation system is under load it wasn't designed to handle.

Common repair methods for Omaha commercial properties

The methods we use most often in commercial scopes are: helical pier underpinning for settled building sections, slab pier systems for interior concrete stabilization (installed through the floor with minimal business interruption), compaction grouting where widespread poor bearing is identified beneath the footing, and carbon fiber or steel I-beam reinforcement for bowing CMU walls. For retaining structures under significant lateral load, engineered helical tiebacks are typically specified.

Commercial jobs almost always involve a licensed structural engineer. We work directly with engineers, property managers, and architects on permitted scopes, providing the documentation that satisfies the permit record and the building's long-term maintenance file.

What to expect from a 2026 commercial scope

Project timelines vary significantly with scope. A focused slab pier installation in a retail unit can be completed in a day without closing the space. A full underpinning project with multiple pier locations and concrete restoration typically runs two to five days, depending on access and pier count. We provide start and finish dates in writing, with work sequenced to minimize business interruption wherever the site allows.

Cost ranges for commercial foundation repair in the Omaha metro are wide. From under $5,000 for a focused slab repair to $40,000 or more for a full-perimeter underpinning scope. The on-site assessment and Customized Repair Estimate will reflect the actual conditions of your property. We don't quote ranges. We quote numbers, after we've looked.

Permits and engineering. What's required

Nebraska requires permits for most structural foundation repairs on commercial properties. We pull required permits on every job that needs them. The permit record protects the property owner at resale and satisfies most lenders and insurance carriers who require documentation of structural work. If a project requires a stamped engineer's drawing, and most commercial underpinning jobs do. We can coordinate that directly, or work with your engineer of record.

Mudjacking vs. Foam injection: ten factors that affect pricing.

Dave Epp — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Both mudjacking and polyurethane foam injection can lift sunken sidewalks, driveways, and garage floors, but they do it differently, cost differently, and perform differently over time. Here are the ten factors that most directly affect what you'll pay and which method makes sense for your situation.

1. Material cost per cubic foot

Mudjacking slurry. A mix of topsoil, sand, Portland cement, and water. Costs significantly less per unit than two-part polyurethane foam. This is the primary reason mudjacking quotes often come in lower on large jobs. Foam's material advantage is weight: it's roughly 50 times lighter than slurry, which matters when the underlying soil is already compromised.

2. Volume and depth of voids beneath the slab

Large or deep voids beneath a slab require more material to fill regardless of method. Deep voiding under a garage floor or driveway substantially increases material cost for both approaches. If voids are extensive, the estimate will reflect it. On either side.

3. Slab size and number of injection ports

Pricing scales with the number of drill holes required, which scales with slab area and settlement distribution. Foam typically requires fewer and smaller ports than mudjacking, reducing drilling cost on large areas. On a long driveway, this difference can be meaningful.

4. Slab thickness and condition

Thinner slabs (3 to 4 inches) are more prone to cracking during the lift. Both methods carry risk here, but foam's controlled low-pressure expansion gives more lift precision on delicate slabs. Slabs with existing cracks that run full-depth need a different approach entirely. Lifting them can worsen the damage.

5. Accessibility

Mudjacking equipment is bulkier. Tight access. A narrow side yard, a garage with a low door, an interior space with limited clearance. Can make mudjacking impractical or impossible. Foam equipment is more compact and can reach spaces mudjacking equipment can't enter.

6. Required cure time

Mudjacking typically requires 24 to 48 hours before the surface can take traffic. Polyurethane foam cures in 15 to 30 minutes. For driveways, commercial surfaces, or any area that needs to return to use the same day, foam's fast cure is worth the price premium on its own.

7. Soil and moisture conditions

Foam performs better in wet or saturated conditions. It doesn't dilute or wash away. Mudjacking slurry can migrate in high-moisture environments before it cures. If water is part of the problem causing the settlement, foam is the more reliable choice.

8. Long-term durability

Polyurethane foam is waterproof, inert, and doesn't add significant weight to the soil beneath the slab. Mudjacking adds material weight that can contribute to further settlement in marginal soil conditions. For long-term performance on compromised ground, foam holds its edge. Particularly in climates with heavy seasonal moisture variation, like eastern Nebraska and western Iowa.

9. Project scale

Mudjacking tends to be more cost-competitive on large, straightforward jobs. Long driveways, commercial parking areas, warehouse floors. Where material volume is high and access is easy. Foam is often more cost-effective on smaller, complex, or time-sensitive projects where precision and quick cure matter more than per-foot material cost.

10. Regional contractor market

In the Omaha, Lincoln, Des Moines corridor, foam injection typically runs 25 to 50% higher than mudjacking for equivalent jobs. The premium buys faster cure, lighter fill, and better moisture resistance. Whether that premium is justified for your specific slab depends on your soil conditions, timeline, and how the slab is used. Which is why we assess before we quote.

Pier And Beam Foundation Spacing: Best Practices For Stability

Dave Epp — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Nov 18, 2024

When it comes to your home's foundation, the stakes couldn't be higher. The foundation's health directly impacts the structural integrity of your entire home. And among the various types of foundations, pier and beam stand out as a time-tested method, particularly popular in areas with expansive soils or where flooding might be a concern. The intricacies of pier and beam foundation spacing (and everything else in between), however, often raise many worrisome questions. Let's try to answer them, as understanding these aspects can be the difference between a solid foundation and one that gradually fails over time.

First, What Are Foundation Piers?

Foundation piers are deep, supportive structures that transfer the load of a building down to a stable soil layer or bedrock. Unlike slab foundations, which spread the load over a large area, pier foundations concentrate the load on specific points, allowing for construction on uneven terrain or soil with low bearing capacity. Understanding pier foundation design basics is essential for ensuring these point-loads are supported correctly.

These piers are typically constructed from materials such as concrete, steel, or wood. Depending on the soil conditions and the specific requirements of the building, they can be driven, drilled, or poured. Many homeowners find drilled concrete piers explained helpful when considering deep foundation options for heavy structures. The piers work in conjunction with beams, which distribute the load across them. Together, they form a grid that effectively supports the structure above.

Pier And Beam Foundation Spacing Explained

In a pier and beam foundation, piers are spaced out strategically across the footprint of the building, supporting horizontal beams that, in turn, support the floor joists and the structure's weight. This design creates a crawl space beneath the house, offering several advantages over slab-on-grade foundations.

The crawl space, typically between 18 inches to 4 feet high, allows easy access to plumbing, electrical wiring, and HVAC systems. It also acts as a buffer against ground moisture. However, this type of foundation requires careful attention to detail, especially regarding the spacing of the piers.

The Importance Of Proper Pier And Beam Foundation Spacing

The spacing of foundation piers is not just a matter of structural integrity; it's about ensuring the long-term health and stability of the building. Incorrectly spaced piers mean uneven load distribution, which can cause floors to sag, walls to crack, or doors and windows to stick. Over time, these issues can exacerbate, leading to costly repairs or, in severe cases, catastrophic failure of the foundation.

Factors Influencing Pier Spacing

Several factors influence the spacing of piers, including the weight of the building, the type of soil, the size of the beams, and local building codes. Typically, piers are spaced between 5 to 8 feet apart, but this can vary depending on the project's specifics.

Building Load

One of the primary determinants of pier spacing is the load the foundation must support. This includes the weight of the structure itself, as well as additional loads such as furniture, appliances, occupants, and environmental factors like snow or wind.

Simply put, heavier buildings require more piers or piers closer together to distribute the load effectively.

Soil Conditions

Soil type plays a crucial role in calculating how close or far apart the piers should be. Piers can often be spaced further apart in areas with stable, compacted soil or bedrock close to the surface. Conversely, in regions with expansive clay, loose sand, or other unstable soils, piers set closer together will prevent shifting or settling.

Beam Size And Material

Larger, more substantial beams can span greater distances between piers without sagging, allowing for wider spacing. However, smaller or weaker beams require piers placed closer together to prevent structural issues.

Local Building Codes

Building codes vary by region. They take into account local environmental conditions, such as soil type and weather patterns, and provide guidelines for minimum and maximum pier spacing. Make sure to consult these codes during the design phase of a pier and beam foundation to avoid potential legal and structural issues.

Common Pier Spacing Guidelines

While the specific pier and beam foundation spacing can vary depending on the factors mentioned above, some general guidelines are commonly followed in residential construction:

For typical residential structures: Piers are generally spaced 5 to 8 feet apart.
For larger buildings or those with heavy loads: Spacing may be reduced to 3 to 5 feet.
In areas with poor soil conditions: Closer spacing is required, sometimes as close as 3 feet apart.
For lighter structures or in areas with firm, stable soil: Spacing can be increased to 8 to 10 feet or more.

It's important to note that these are just general guidelines, and the actual spacing should be determined by a structural engineer assessing the specific conditions of your site.

Signs That Your Pier And Beam Foundation Needs Attention

Even with proper pier spacing, a pier and beam foundation may require maintenance over time. Here are some signs that you might need to have your foundation inspected or repaired:

Uneven or Sagging Floors: This often indicates that one or more piers have settled or shifted, causing the beams to become uneven.
Cracks in Walls and Ceilings: They may start small and gradually widen if the underlying issue is not addressed.
Doors and Windows That Stick: If your doors or windows begin to stick or fail to close correctly, it could be a sign that your foundation is shifting. This is often caused by the piers settling unevenly, leading to frame misalignment.
Moisture Issues in the Crawl Space: If you notice excessive moisture, mold, or mildew, it could be a sign that the foundation is not performing as it should. This moisture can weaken the beams and piers over time, leading to more significant issues.

Repairing And Maintaining Your Pier And Beam Foundation

Maintaining a pier and beam foundation involves regular inspections and timely repairs. Reviewing a foundation repair methods overview can help you understand the different technologies used to stabilize a failing system. The following steps can help ensure the longevity and stability of your foundation:

Replacing Or Adding Piers

In some cases, piers may need to be replaced due to damage or added to improve the foundation's stability. This can be a complex process, especially if the piers are difficult to access or if the soil conditions are challenging. However, it's a necessary step to ensure the foundation's long-term stability.

One typical case is when the existing piers have deteriorated due to rot, termite damage, or prolonged exposure to moisture, which compromises their ability to support the structure.
Another situation arises when the soil beneath the piers shifts or erodes, causing uneven settling that can lead to structural imbalances.
Adding extra levels to a house typically requires supplemental piers to accommodate the increased load.
In some cases, adding new piers can solve the problems of poor original construction or inadequate pier spacing, and restore stability. When structural intervention is necessary, a helical vs push pier comparison can help determine which mechanical support is best suited for your specific soil type.

Each of these scenarios requires careful assessment by a professional to determine the best course of action.

Addressing Moisture Issues

Moisture is one of the biggest threats to a pier and beam foundation. To prevent damage, ensure that the crawl space is adequately ventilated and that any water drainage systems around your home function correctly.

If you notice moisture buildup, consider installing a vapor barrier or improving the drainage around your home.

Re-Leveling The Foundation

It's not uncommon for a pier and beam foundation to require re-leveling over time. This process involves raising the foundation and adding or adjusting the piers to ensure the structure is level and stable.

Re-leveling should be performed by professionals to ensure that it's done correctly and safely.

Regular Inspections

Routine inspections will let you discover potential issues before they become major problems. Ideally, you should inspect your foundation at least once a year, paying close attention to the crawl space and the condition of the piers and beams.

Look for signs of moisture, rot, or insect damage, as well as any shifting or settling of the piers.

Ensure Your Piers Are Correctly Spaced!

Addressing any issues as (or before) they arise is the right path to prevent costly repairs and maintain your home's structural integrity.

If you're concerned about the condition of your pier and beam foundation or if you've noticed signs of damage, don't wait to take action. Request a quote today for professional crawl space repair services and protect your home from foundation issues before they escalate!

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French Drain Alternatives: 6 Smart Ways To Keep Water Away From Your Foundation

Dave Epp — Fri, 18 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Oct 18, 2024

When it comes to protecting your home from water damage, French drains are often the go-to solution. They're versatile and practical while being a low-maintenance choice for homeowners. But while French drains are popular, they're not the only option.

This post will explore some of the best French drain alternatives, helping you choose the right solution for your home. Whether you're dealing with soggy lawns, basement leaks, or water pooling near your foundation, there's an option that's just right for you.

What Is A French Drain?

A french drain is a simple yet effective drainage system that redirects water away from an area, typically to prevent flooding or water damage. French drains are often installed around the perimeter of a house to prevent water from seeping into the basement or crawl space. They can also be used in yards that tend to flood or collect standing water, helping to keep the lawn dry and protecting driveways.

How do you know if you have one? If you have a French drain, you might see a trench filled with gravel or decorative stones around your home, yard, or driveway. However, sometimes this gravel-lined trench containing a drainage pipe is buried at the level of the footing. You may also see a perforated grate, drain cover, or a slight slope in your yard.

How A French Drain Works

A French drain consists of a trench filled with gravel or rock and a perforated pipe at the bottom. The trench is typically sloped to ensure water flows away from the area you're trying to protect. When water accumulates on the surface, it seeps into the trench and through the gravel or rock. The perforated pipe collects the water and channels it away from the area, usually towards a drainage system, a dry well, or a lower point in the yard where it can safely disperse. A detailed look at how french drains work can help you decide if this traditional method is sufficient for your yard's needs.

Why Are French Drains A Popular Choice?

Prevents Water Damage and Soil Erosion: French drains are highly effective at directing water away from foundations, basements, and other vulnerable areas, helping to avoid costly water damage.
Multiple Applications: French drains can be used in various situations and are effective in different soil types, though they may require slight adjustments depending on the soil's permeability.
Mostly Underground: Once installed, a French drain is largely hidden from view, with only the gravel or a small grate visible at the surface. This makes it a hidden option for managing water.
Minimal Upkeep and Installation Cost: French drains require minimal maintenance when properly installed. They usually need occasional cleaning to remove debris from the inlet or the pipe to keep them functioning well.
Durability: A well-installed French drain can last many years, providing reliable water management with little need for repairs or replacement.

Six French Drain Alternatives

While effective, French drains can be complex to install and maintain and may not always be the best fit for every property. Let's review six French drain alternatives that can help you keep your home and landscape dry, protect your foundation, and enhance your outdoor space.

Swales: A Natural Solution

Swales are shallow, sloped ditches that direct water away from specific areas, such as your home's foundation. They're a great option if you're looking for a more natural, eco-friendly alternative to French drains.

A swale is typically lined with grass or vegetation that helps slow down and absorb water. As water flows through the swale, it's gradually absorbed by the soil, reducing runoff and erosion.

Once established, swales require minimal upkeep and are integrated seamlessly into landscaping, adding function and beauty. Swales help recharge groundwater and reduce the impact of stormwater runoff on local waterways. Swales work best on properties with gentle slopes. Swales won't be your answer if your property is steep or flat.

Dry Wells: An Underground Solution

Dry wells are another effective alternative to French drains, particularly for properties with poor drainage. A dry well is essentially an underground chamber that collects and temporarily stores runoff water, allowing it to seep into the surrounding soil gradually.

Water from gutters, downspouts, or other sources is directed into the dry well, where it slowly percolates into the ground. This prevents water from pooling on the surface and helps protect your foundation.

Dry wells are buried underground, so they don't occupy your yard and are particularly useful in areas that experience heavy rainfall or flash flooding. Because they're underground, dry wells don't interfere with landscaping or outdoor activities. Installation can be labor-intensive, particularly in rocky or compacted soil areas, so proper design and sizing are crucial to prevent overflow during heavy rains.

Gravel Trenches: A Simplified Drainage System

Gravel trenches are a simpler version of the French drain. While they're less efficient, they can be a good option for less severe drainage issues.

Water is directed into a trench lined with landscape fabric and filled with gravel. The gravel allows water to flow through the trench and away from the problem area, while the fabric prevents soil from clogging the system.

Gravel trenches can be adapted to suit various drainage needs, from small garden beds to larger yard areas. They are less expensive to install than traditional French drains, and you can DIY a gravel trench with some essential tools and materials. However, they are less effective in areas with heavy clay soils or high groundwater levels, and regular maintenance is needed to keep the trench clear and functioning correctly. For heavier water flow, you might evaluate a catch basin vs french drain to see which manages surface runoff more effectively.

Rain Gardens: Combining Beauty With Functionality

Rain gardens are a beautiful and eco-friendly alternative to French drains. Strategically placed, they capture and absorb runoff, turning a drainage problem into a landscaping opportunity.

Rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with native plants and grasses that thrive in wet conditions. When it rains, water collects in the garden and slowly infiltrates the soil, reducing runoff and filtering pollutants. Rain gardens help reduce stormwater runoff, improve water quality, and support local wildlife. These gardens can complement your landscaping, adding beauty and biodiversity to your yard.

Another bonus: rain gardens require minimal upkeep beyond regular weeding and mulching. They require careful planning and design for proper drainage and plant selection. Rain gardens are best suited for areas with moderate to good soil permeability.

Surface Grading: Simple But Effective

Sometimes, the simplest solution is the best one. Surface grading involves reshaping the land around your home to direct water away from your foundation. While it might not be as sophisticated as other methods, surface grading is often the least expensive drainage solution.

Surface grading ensures water flows away from your foundation rather than pooling around it by sloping the ground away from your home. It can be done with soil, gravel, or a combination of materials. You only need soil and a shovel (or a professional with heavy equipment).

Proper grading can protect your home from water damage for years. Surface grading must be done carefully to ensure water flows away from your home and doesn't create new problems elsewhere. As the soil settles or erodes, you may need to have it repaired professionally.

Permeable Paving: A Modern Solution

If you want to upgrade your driveway, patio, or walkways, permeable paving might be the perfect French drain alternative. Permeable pavers are designed with gaps that allow water to flow into the ground below. A layer of gravel or other porous material underneath helps absorb and distribute the water, reducing the risk of flooding.

Available in various materials and styles, permeable paving provides a stable surface for walking or driving and helps manage stormwater. When installed correctly, permeable pavers are as durable as traditional paving materials. However, it can be more expensive to install than conventional paving. Regular maintenance is required to keep the gaps clear of debris and functioning properly.

Choosing The Right Alternative For Your Home

Whether you're dealing with a soggy lawn, basement flooding, or just looking for a fresh approach to drainage, these alternatives provide versatile and practical solutions to suit your specific situation. Homeowners struggling with water intrusion should explore all basement drainage system options to ensure their below-grade living space remains dry. Here are a few things to consider:

What is your primary drainage issue? Whether it's basement leaks, yard flooding, or foundation protection, different solutions are better suited to different problems.

What is the slope and layout of your property? Some solutions, like swales and surface grading, are more effective on sloped properties, while others, like dry wells, work well on flat land.

What are your budget and maintenance preferences? Some options, like gravel trenches and surface grading, are more cost-effective and low-maintenance, while others, like rain gardens and permeable paving, require more investment and upkeep.

Epp Foundation Repair: Experts You Can Trust

For foundation repair in Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri, Epp Foundation Repair is the top choice for savvy homeowners. We always emphasize foundation drainage importance as the first line of defense against structural settling. Since 1994, we've been helping families like yours maintain a safe and healthy home. Get your free estimate today!

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What Can I Use For DIY Crawl Space Vent Covers?

Dave Epp — Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Oct 17, 2024

Crawl spaces often attract unwanted visitors, moisture, and other problems. A well-constructed crawl space vent cover can mitigate many of these issues, but off-the-shelf solutions can be costly. This guide will take you through the materials, methods, and considerations for crafting DIY crawl space vent covers, ensuring your home remains secure, dry, and energy-efficient.

The Problem Of Open Crawl Space Vents

Historically, homes were built with crawl space vents to allow air to circulate under the house, preventing moisture accumulation that could lead to mold growth and wood rot. While this method sounds great in theory, it sometimes falls short in practice, especially in regions with high humidity or during colder months.

Moisture is the main enemy of any crawl space. It can seep in from the ground, condense on cool surfaces, and create an environment ripe for mold, mildew, and wood decay. Proper ventilation is supposed to mitigate this, but in humid climates, open vents can let in more moisture than they let out. Moreover, pests like rodents and insects can use these openings as entry points into your home, creating additional problems.

Given these challenges, covering the vents may be a solution.

Materials For DIY Crawl Space Vent Covers

Crafting your own crawl space vent covers starts with a smart choice of materials. They must ensure durability, effectiveness, and cost-efficiency. For a more comprehensive look at professional-grade options, you can review our crawl space vent covers overview to see what works best for various foundation types. Here's a breakdown of the most popular options.

Plywood

Plywood is a popular choice for many DIY enthusiasts due to its affordability and ease of use. It's sturdy enough to withstand external elements and can be easily cut to fit any vent size. For best results, use exterior-grade plywood, which is treated to resist moisture and decay. Consider also painting or sealing the plywood with a weather-resistant coating to enhance its durability.

Foam Insulation Board

If you live in colder climates, consider foam insulation board. It's an excellent material for creating vent covers that help maintain a stable temperature in the crawl space: lightweight, easy to cut, and provides reliable protection against cold air.

A common method is to cut the foam board to fit snugly inside the vent opening, securing it in place with adhesive or brackets. For a more permanent solution, consider framing the foam board with plywood or metal, which will provide additional protection against the elements.

Magnetic Covers

Magnetic covers offer a convenient, reusable solution for metal vents. These covers can be easily applied and removed, making them ideal for seasonal adjustments.

The downside to magnetic covers is that they are only effective on metal surfaces and may not provide a perfect seal, particularly if the vent surface is uneven or rusted. They also offer minimal protection against pests. Nevertheless, for ease of use, they are hard to beat, particularly in regions with mild winters where extreme insulation isn't necessary.

Custom Fabricated Metal Covers

This is a more permanent and durable solution that can be designed to fit your specific vent dimensions. Custom-fabricated metal covers are typically made from aluminum or galvanized steel and designed with louvers or slats to allow air circulation.

While more expensive and labor-intensive to create, metal covers also require minimal maintenance and offer superior resistance to the elements and pests.

Wire Mesh

If you're only concerned with keeping pests out, wire mesh will prevent insects and small animals from entering the crawl space. The mesh should be fine enough to block even the smallest pests. look for mesh with openings smaller than a quarter of an inch.

Stainless steel wire mesh is highly recommended due to its resistance to rust and corrosion, ensuring the vent cover's longevity. For added durability, you can frame the mesh with wood or metal to make installation easier and more secure.

Step-By-Step Guide To Building Your DIY Crawl Space Vent Cover

Creating your own crawl space vent cover can be a straightforward process if you follow these steps:

1. Measure Your Vent Openings

Start by measuring the dimensions of each vent opening to ensure that your cover fits snugly in order to provide the necessary protection. Use a tape measure to record the vent's height, width, and depth.

2. Select Your Materials

Choose the most appropriate materials based on your crawl space's needs and your local climate. Consider factors such as durability, ease of installation, and the specific challenges your crawl space faces. whether that's moisture, pests, or cold air.

3. Cut The Material To Size

Using your measurements, cut the chosen material to fit the vent openings. For plywood or foam board, a circular saw or utility knife will work well. For wire mesh, tin snips or a wire cutter will be necessary. Ensure the edges are smooth and even.

4. Assemble The Cover

If you're using multiple materials, such as a combination of plywood and mesh, now is the time to assemble the components. Secure the mesh to the plywood using screws or a staple gun, and tightly seal all joints to prevent gaps. You can also apply a weatherproof sealant around the edges for added protection.

5. Install The Cover

Finally, position the cover over the vent opening and secure it in place. This can be done using screws, brackets, or adhesive, depending on the material and the design of the vent. Ensure the cover is firmly attached and check for any gaps or loose areas that might allow pests or moisture to enter. Following established crawl space moisture control tips alongside your installation will help maintain a dry environment beneath your home.

Seasonal Considerations And Maintenance

While your DIY crawl space vent covers will provide effective protection, they are not a set-it-and-forget-it solution. Regular maintenance and seasonal adjustments will ensure their ongoing effectiveness.

Winterization

In colder climates, you need to block out cold air to prevent pipes from freezing and maintain a stable temperature in the crawl space. This may require temporarily sealing vents with foam insulation boards or magnetic covers during winter. Be sure to check the seals periodically to ensure they remain tight.

Summer Ventilation

During the warmer months, ventilation becomes more critical to prevent moisture buildup. Consider removing or adjusting covers that were sealed during the winter to allow for better airflow. If you previously used foam boards or magnetic covers, you can easily remove or replace them with mesh covers.

Routine Inspections

Inspect your vent covers at least twice a year. once in the spring and once in the fall. Check for any signs of wear, damage, or gaps that could compromise their effectiveness. Pay particular attention to signs of pest entry or moisture accumulation, and address any issues immediately to prevent more significant problems.

When To Consider Professional Help

If you're dealing with severe moisture issues, persistent pest problems, or structural concerns within your crawl space, it's wise to consult with a professional.

At Epp, we offer professional crawl space waterproofing services based on years of expertise. Our team will assess the situation and offer tailored solutions that go beyond what DIY covers can provide. Many homeowners find that the long-term crawl space encapsulation benefits, such as lower energy bills and improved air quality, far outweigh the initial investment in a professional system. Based on your specific needs and budget, we might recommend additional measures such as vapor barriers, sump pumps, or dehumidifiers to further protect your crawl space from moisture and mold.

If you're ready to take the next step in securing your home, contact us today to request a quote for professional crawl space waterproofing services. Our team is here to help!

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What Is A Rim Joist?

Dave Epp — Mon, 07 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Oct 07, 2024

It's easy to overlook the components that keep your home together, especially when they're out of sight. One such crucial component is the rim joist. Whether you're building a new home, retrofitting an old one, or simply curious about the inner workings of your living space, understanding rim joists can be invaluable.

This blog will explore rim joists, how they contribute to the stability and safety of your home, and the foundation repair methods to perform when they are damaged.

What Is A Rim Joist?

When it comes to home construction, particularly at the foundation and framing level, the term "rim joist" frequently comes up. But what exactly is a rim joist, and why is it important?

A rim joist, also called a band joist, is a crucial component in the framing structure of a house. It forms the perimeter of the floor system and caps the ends of the floor joists. Essentially, it ties the joists together and helps distribute the structural load evenly. To understand how this fits into the rest of your home's lower framing, you can explore other crawl space structural components that work alongside the rim joist. Its primary function is to provide lateral support to the floor joists, maintaining the integrity and stability of the building.

Materials Used For Rim Joists

Rim joists can be made from several different types of materials:

Wood: Wood is a common material for rim joists. It's readily available and easy to work with but also susceptible to rot, pests, and moisture damage over time.
Engineered Wood Products: LVLs (Laminated Veneer Lumber) and I-joists are examples of engineered wood products often used for rim joists. These types of materials are stronger and more durable than traditional wood and are less prone to warping or splitting.
Steel: Steel rim joists are used in some modern constructions due to their superior strength and resistance to environmental factors. However, steel can be more expensive and requires special installation tools and skills.
Composite Materials: These are newer to the market and offer a blend of durability and rot resistance, but their long-term performance compared to traditional materials is still being evaluated.

Importance Of Well-Maintained Rim Joists

A well-maintained rim joist is essential for several reasons:

Structural Integrity: A properly functioning rim joist ensures the even distribution of weight and structural loads, which helps maintain your home's overall stability. Keeping your rim joists in good shape effectively supports the entire structure and prevents potential foundational issues.
Pest Prevention: Rotting or damaged rim joists can become an entry point for pests such as termites and rodents. These pests can cause further deterioration and significant damage to your home's wooden structures. Keeping your rim joists well-maintained helps in pest control by eliminating these vulnerable entry points and protecting your home from infestations.
Energy Efficiency: Cracks and gaps in or around rim joists can lead to air leaks, resulting in higher energy bills because of the loss of heated or cooled air. Ensuring that your rim joists are correctly insulated and maintained can significantly improve your home's energy efficiency, keeping it more comfortable and reducing utility costs.
Moisture Control: Rim joists in good condition help prevent moisture ingress, which is crucial in avoiding mold growth and further structural damage. If mold develops, moisture can weaken wooden structures and lead to health problems. Maintaining your rim joists helps safeguard against these moisture-related issues.

Signs There Might Be A Problem With Your Rim Joists

Detecting issues with your rim joists early can save you from extensive repairs and potential structural damage. Being aware of these telltale indicators can help you catch and address problems early:

Visible Rot or Mold: If you notice any rot or mold around the edges of your floor system, this is a clear sign that your rim joists may be compromised.
Pest Activity: An increase in pest sightings could indicate that there are entry points through damaged rim joists.
Sagging Floors: Uneven or sagging floors can be a symptom of deteriorating rim joists, as they are essential in supporting the floor structure.
Drafts and Cold Spots: Do you feel drafts or notice cold spots around the floor perimeter? This might be due to gaps or cracks in the rim joists.
Water Stains: Water stains on the crawl space, basement walls, or the area where the rim joist meets the foundation can signal moisture issues and potential rim joist problems. If these issues spread to the interior of the home, reviewing floor joist repair basics can help you determine the extent of the damage.
Energy Bills: A sudden unexplained increase in energy bills could result from poor insulation and air leakage through compromised rim joists.

The Basics Of Rim Joist Repair

Rim joists can suffer from various issues, including rot, pest damage, and moisture infiltration, and addressing these problems immediately can prevent more extensive damage in the future.

When you hire a foundation repair expert, they might help with the following rim joist repair methods:

Sistering: Sistering involves placing a new, healthy joist alongside the damaged rim joist to share the load and provide additional support. The process includes measuring and cutting the new joist to the same length as the existing rim joist, then securing the new joist to the damaged one using screws or bolts. This repair method provides a quick and effective way to strengthen weakened sections without entirely removing the old joist.
Adding More Beams: Adding extra beams can reduce the load on the rim joists, redistributing the weight more evenly. To do this, install additional beams perpendicular to the rim joist under the affected area and secure them to the existing framework using metal brackets or heavy-duty screws. This helps in stabilizing the floor system and increases overall structural integrity.
Adding Brick or Concrete Columns: Installing brick or concrete columns underneath the beams can support the rim joist, particularly in areas where the floor feels spongy or sagging. To execute this, place new columns under the beams with adjustable brackets on top, ensuring the columns are plumb and secure properly. This offers a robust solution for substantially weakened or damaged joists.
Crawl Space Support Jacks: Crawl space support jacks can permanently stabilize and lift sagging floors due to weakened rim joists. These jacks are installed beneath the floor joists in the crawl space and can be altered to provide the necessary support. To install crawl space support jacks, place the jack posts strategically under the problem areas, adjust them to lift the joists back to their original position, and secure them to a stable base, such as a concrete footing. This offers a durable, long-term solution to prevent future sagging and structural issues.

If the damage is extensive or you are unsure about handling the repair yourself, consider consulting a professional. They can assess your foundation and provide expert guidance on rim joist repairs or replacements.

How To Keep Your Rim Joists Safe

Preventing rim joist damage is the best way to avoid costly repairs. Here are some ways to keep your rim joists safe:

Spray Foam Insulation: Spray foam is very effective for rim joists because it creates an airtight seal. Understanding rim joist insulation basics is the first step in deciding which material will best stop the drafts entering your basement or crawl space. It expands to fill gaps, providing excellent thermal insulation and acting as a moisture barrier. This prevents mold, rot, and air leaks, ensuring energy efficiency and structural strength.
Foam Board Insulation: Foam board insulation uses rigid panels with high thermal resistance and moisture protection. These panels are easy to cut and fit, helping to maintain stable temperatures and prevent condensation, thus preserving the integrity of the rim joists.
Fiberglass Insulation: Fiberglass insulation is a traditional and affordable method, using fine glass fibers to provide good thermal and sound insulation. It helps keep rim joists dry and reduces noise levels, offering a balance of effectiveness and ease of installation.
Crawl Space Encapsulation: Crawl space encapsulation seals the crawl space with a moisture barrier, preventing humidity and water damage. This method reduces the risk of wood rot, mold, and mildew and improves air quality and energy efficiency by maintaining a balanced indoor climate.

Need To Insulate Or Repair Your Rim Joists? Call Epp Foundation Repair!

For expert services in insulating or repairing your rim joists, trust Epp Foundation Repair. Our comprehensive crawl space insulation guide provides even more tips on keeping your foundation healthy and efficient. We specialize in ensuring your home is energy-efficient, moisture-resistant, and structurally sound. Reach out to us today for a professional assessment and top-notch service!

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Floating Slab Foundations: What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages?

Dave Epp — Tue, 03 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Sep 03, 2024

Are you wondering about floating slab foundations but unsure if they're the right choice for your project? What is a floating slab, anyway? Don't fret. you've clicked on the right article!

In this complete guide to the pros and cons of floating slab foundations, you'll uncover their mechanics, advantages, limitations, and more.

Below, you'll discover everything you must know about floating slab foundations to make the smartest and most informed decision for your upcoming project.

What Is A Floating Slab?

Floating slab foundations are a special type of concrete foundation used in construction that doesn't require deep or complex footings.

In brief, these slabs "float" on the ground, and they're especially beneficial for structures that aren't subject to heavy loads and don't need deep foundations, such as garden sheds, decks, or garages. For a more technical floating slab foundation overview, it is important to note how the thickened edges provide support without the need for traditional deep footings.

What Are The Benefits Of Floating Slab Foundations?

Floating slab foundations offer many advantages that make them a top choice for certain construction projects, especially those that require a budget-friendly, fast, and flexible approach to laying a foundation.

Floating Slab Foundations Are Cost-Effective

One of the main perks of floating slab foundations is their cost-effectiveness. Usually, floating slabs are cheaper to construct than other types of foundations because they don't need as many materials or heavy-duty labor.

Due to the lack of extensive groundwork and deep footing, you save money.

Additionally, floating slab foundations involve minimal excavation, reducing the amount of soil and debris that needs removal and further decreasing project costs.

Floating Slab Foundations Are Quick To Install

If you're looking for a fast and effective solution, choose floating slab foundations. Since this foundation type doesn't require the pouring of separate footings or the construction of a substructure below frost lines, the total time from start to completion is typically short.

Thanks to the fast installation, the entire construction project will be done quickly.

If you are on a tight schedule and must complete the project within a specific timeframe, floating slab foundations may be a good solution.

Floating Slab Foundations Are Flexible

Floating slab foundations are highly versatile and fantastic for many building projects.

You can use floating slab foundations for structures like garden sheds, detached gardens, and other outbuildings. This kind of flexibility is a major plus in areas where the ground doesn't freeze; the floating slab can handle small shifts in the soil trouble-free, preventing structural damage and foundation cracks. Understanding the relationship between soil movement and slab foundations is key to deciding if this flexible design is right for your local clay or soil type.

What's more, you can easily tweak the design of floating slabs to fit different building shapes and sizes, adding another layer of convenience to your construction plans.

What Are The Disadvantages Of Floating Slab Foundations?

Floating slab foundations have many positive characteristics, but like any construction method, they have limitations. Understand the following downsides to ensure you choose the best foundation for your upcoming project.

Floating Slab Foundations Aren't Suitable For All Building Types

While floating slab foundations work great for smaller structures, they may not be the best solution for larger, more permanent buildings.

Since floating slabs don't penetrate the ground like other foundation types, they can lack the necessary strength and support for heavier or multi-story buildings.

As such, floating slab foundations aren't ideal in areas prone to frequent ground movement.

Floating Slab Foundations May Have Moisture Issues

One of the most pressing problems with floating slabs is their moisture susceptibility. Since floating slab foundations are laid directly on the ground without deep footings, you may have to deal with a higher risk of water seepage if the drainage isn't properly managed.

Sometimes, moisture accumulates under the slab, especially in areas with poor drainage or high water tables. If not addressed, potential issues include mildew, mold, and structural weakening.

Floating Slab Foundations May Have Durability Concerns

The very nature of a floating slab means it's more exposed to environmental conditions that may affect its integrity over time.

For example, severe weather conditions, shifts in the soil, and the cycle of freeze and thaw can impact the durability of floating slabs.

Without proper protective measures like waterproofing or insulation, floating slabs are prone to cracking and other forms of wear.

How Much Does A Floating Slab Foundation Cost?

The price of a floating slab foundation may vary depending on factors like your location, the size of the slab, and the cost of labor and materials in your area.

As mentioned, floating slabs are a budget-friendly alternative to other foundation types.

How Do You Install A Floating Slab?

Installing a floating slab isn't hard. However, it does require careful planning and execution to ensure the job is performed correctly. Here's how it's done:

Prepare the Site: First, the site must be prepared and cleaned of debris, vegetation, or obstacles. Level the area where you'll pour the slab. ensure it's compact and smooth.
Prepare the Base: Lay a gravel base to aid drainage underneath the floating slab. Ensure the layer is well-compacted so the concrete has a stable base.
Install Forms and Reinforcement: Inspect the intended slab area and set up wooden forms around its perimeter to hold the concrete in place once it's poured. Put steel rebar or mesh within the formwork to prevent cracking and reinforce the concrete.
Pour Out the Concrete: Carefully mix and pour the concrete into the prepared forms. Everything should be evenly spread out, and all corners of the forms should be properly filled with concrete.
Level and Finish: Level the surface of the concrete. After that, smooth the concrete with a trowel for a clean and neat finish.
Curing Process: Allow the concrete to cure slowly. this will guarantee maximum strength and durability. Keep the surface slightly moist to prevent it from drying too fast and causing cracks.
Remove the Forms: Once the concrete has cured, remove the forms and finish any edges for a polished look!

Maintaining Floating Slab Foundations: Must-Know!

Keeping your floating slab foundation in top shape is important for its longevity and structural integrity.

Check for signs of movement or cracks regularly. Detecting problems early can prevent more serious and costly issues down the line. Common signs of slab foundation issues include interior floor cracks or exterior separation between the slab and the structure it supports.

If you notice small cracks, seal them immediately to prevent water infiltration and damage. If the damage becomes structural, there are several slab foundation repair options like polyjacking or piering that can restore stability to your outbuilding or garage. You'll also want to ensure that water drains away from the slab effectively, as poor drainage can cause water pooling and an increased risk of cracking.

Floating Slab Foundation vs. Other Common Foundations

To understand floating slabs, it may be beneficial to compare them to other popular foundations, such as monolithic slabs, crawl space foundations, and pier and beam foundations.

Monolithic Slabs: Similar to floating slabs, monolithic slabs are a particular type of concrete foundation, but they include footings as part of the slab. Because of these footings, monolithic slabs are more stable than floating slabs and less susceptible to movement caused by shifting soil or frost heave.

However, monolithic slabs are typically more expensive than floating slabs.

Crawl Space Foundations: Unlike floating slabs, which lay directly on the ground, crawl space foundations elevate your property above the ground. As a result, your property is better protected against moisture from the soil. On the downside, crawl space foundations usually require more materials and labor, adding to the overall cost.
Basement Foundations: Basements provide extra living or storage space below ground level. floating slabs cannot offer this feature. That said, basement foundations are more expensive and complex to construct, as they involve waterproofing and excavation measures.

FAQ

You've asked, and the experts have answered!

What Is The Best Insulation For A Floating Slab Foundation?

Generally, experts will use rigid foam insulation as it is highly resistant to moisture and can be installed directly on the gravel base before pouring the concrete. Then, a vapor barrier is placed over the insulation to prevent moisture from seeping into the concrete from the soil.

Are There Any Design Variations I Can Consider?

Depending on your construction needs, you can consider a few design variations for floating slab foundations, such as thickened edge slabs, steel bars, wire mesh reinforcements, or integrated footings.

What Are The Main Advantages Of Using A Floating Slab Foundation?

Floating slab foundations are cost-effective, simplistic, and effective. They're an excellent foundation type if you're budget-conscious, in a rush, or looking for a durable solution for small to medium-sized structures that don't need deep foundations.

Contact Us Today

Contact Epp Foundation Repair today for expert help and guidance. We serve Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska, offering quality basement waterproofing, foundation repair, crawl space encapsulation, and concrete leveling.

Schedule an inspection today and get a free estimate! Let's have a chat!

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10 Creative and Effective Sump Pump Discharge Ideas

Dave Epp — Thu, 11 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Jul 11, 2024

A sump pump is crucial in many homes, especially those prone to flooding or areas with a high water table. But what do you do with the water once it's pumped out? This blog post explores ten creative sump pump discharge ideas to help homeowners manage excess water efficiently and attractively.

What is a Sump Pump, and How Does it Work?

A sump pump is a device installed in the lowest part of a basement or crawl space, typically in a sump pit, as part of a waterproofing system. Its primary function is to prevent flooding by collecting excess water from the soil away from your home and safely discharging it from the foundation. For a more detailed breakdown, you can read our guide on how sump pumps work to see how the float switch and motor interact. When the water level in the pit reaches a certain point, the sump pump activates and pumps the water out through a discharge pipe to a designated drainage area.

Where Should a Sump Pump Drain Water?

The water discharged by your sump pump should be directed at least 10 feet away from your home's foundation to prevent soil erosion, basement or crawl space flooding, foundation damage, and the sump pump's overworking due to recycling the excess water. The water can be discharged above or below the ground and into your yard. Understanding sump pump discharge basics is essential for ensuring the system remains efficient and the pit is properly protected from debris. If local laws permit, you may also discharge the water into a nearby storm drain.

When choosing a discharge location, following local codes and regulations is essential. Most codes prohibit water discharge into septic and sewer systems or near streets, sidewalks, and neighboring properties. If the system is not up to code, you may be liable to repair any damage caused to other properties by your discharge, and the home will be flagged during the inspection process if you want to sell the house.

It is also critical to factor in the slope of your yard when choosing a discharge location. Ideally, a discharge line should be installed at an angle to allow gravity to carry the water away from the foundation and prevent the pipe from freezing. However, if your yard is flat and regrading is not viable, an ice guard and a landscape bubble pot can be installed. An ice guard prevents sump pump discharge lines from freezing during cold weather. It is typically installed at the end of the discharge pipe and allows water to flow even if the end of the pipe is blocked with ice. Landscape bubble pots are partially buried in the ground and attached to the end of the discharge pipe. As water is pumped out, it collects in the pot and then gently overflows into the surrounding soil, allowing for gradual absorption.

Should You Bury Your Sump Pump Discharge Pipe?

Burying your sump pump discharge pipe can effectively manage the water without creating an eyesore or trip hazard, facilitate lawn maintenance, and minimize potential blockages. However, there are several factors to consider before burying the pipe:

Local Regulations: Ensure that burying the pipe complies with local building codes and regulations.
Proper Installation: Ensure the pipe is buried at least one foot below the frost line to prevent freezing and has a slight slope to facilitate water flow.
Maintenance Access: Ensure you can still access the pipe for maintenance and cleaning to prevent clogs and blockages.

How Do You Winterize Sump Pump Discharge?

Winterizing your sump pump discharge is essential to prevent freezing and ensure the system operates efficiently throughout the colder months. Reviewing a comprehensive sump pump maintenance guide will help you keep the entire system in top shape as temperatures drop. Here are some steps to winterize your sump pump discharge:

Insulate the Pipe: Use foam insulation or heat tape to keep the discharge pipe from freezing.
Adjust the Pipe's Angle: A gradual downward slope will facilitate water flow and prevent water accumulation that can freeze into blockages.
Elevate the Outlet: Ensure the discharge outlet is raised above the typical snow level to prevent blockage.
Install an Ice Guard: Consider installing an ice guard to ensure water flow despite a potential ice blockage.

10 Creative Sump Pump Discharge Ideas

The best yard drainage systems should seamlessly integrate into your landscaping. Here are ten creative and effective sump pump discharge ideas to help you manage excess water:

1. Paint the Pipe

Paint your sump pump discharge pipe to blend with your home's exterior or landscaping to provide a bit of camouflage. However, be careful that it will not become a trip hazard or accidentally damaged during lawn maintenance.

2. Bury the Pipe

Burying the discharge pipe is a practical solution to keep it out of sight. Ensure proper installation to prevent freezing and facilitate easy maintenance.

3. Direct into a Storm Drain (If Local Laws Permit)

If local regulations allow, directing the sump pump discharge into a storm drain can efficiently manage excess water. Always check with local authorities before proceeding.

4. Build a False Wall

Construct a false wall or barrier to conceal the discharge pipe. This can be an attractive feature that blends seamlessly with your landscaping or home design.

5. Build an Enclosure

Create a small enclosure to hide the discharge pipe. This can keep the pipe out of sight while providing easy maintenance access. Design possibilities vary, from a decorative seating area to a potting bench or faux rocks.

6. Use Decorative Landscaping

Incorporate the discharge pipe into your landscaping design with decorative elements like rocks, shrubs, or flower beds. This can make the pipe a natural part of your garden.

7. Design a Rain Garden

A rain garden is a planted depression that allows rainwater runoff to be absorbed and filtered by the soil and vegetation. This method not only manages water effectively but also supports local wildlife and improves the overall beauty of your landscape. Choose native plants that thrive in wet conditions for the rain garden to ensure it requires minimal maintenance and provides a habitat for local insects and birds.

8. Create a Dry Well

A dry well is an underground structure specifically engineered to collect and disperse excess water, typically rainwater or runoff. Dry wells prevent flooding and soil erosion by allowing water to percolate slowly into the surrounding soil. They are practical and environmentally friendly, as they promote natural groundwater recharge and reduce the burden on stormwater systems.

9. Attach to a Rain Barrel

Connect the discharge pipe to a rain barrel to collect and reuse the water for gardening or other purposes. This eco-friendly option can help conserve water.

10. Create a Water Feature

Design a water feature like a pond, fountain, or waterfall that uses the sump pump discharge. This can be a stunning addition to your landscape and a practical solution for excess water.

What to Avoid When Installing a Sump Pump Discharge Line

When installing your sump pump discharge line, avoid these common pitfalls:

Direct Discharge Near Foundation: Never discharge water directly next to your home's foundation. Doing so can lead to erosion, flooding in your basement or crawl space, and excessive wear and tear on your sump pump.
Insufficient Slope: Ensure the discharge pipe has a proper slope to facilitate water flow and prevent blockages.
Ignoring Local Regulations: Always check and comply with local building codes and regulations when installing your sump pump discharge line.
Lack of Maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain the discharge pipe to prevent clogs and ensure efficient operation.

If you are considering DIY solutions for your sump pump discharge, we encourage you to read the article "Why DIY Foundation Waterproofing Is a Bad Idea" before attempting to tackle such a project. While we fully recognize that some of the creative solutions mentioned can be accomplished by a skilled DIY enthusiast, such as designing a rain garden or building a false wall, the actual installation of the sump pump and drainage pipe should be left to a professional to ensure the system is built to code and functions optimally.

A well-designed sump pump discharge system is essential for protecting your home from water damage. By implementing these creative and practical ideas, you can manage excess water efficiently while enhancing the visual appeal of your property.

Ready to take the next step? Contact our expert team today to schedule a quote for a custom drainage system and sump pump installation. Professional drainage solutions are one of the most effective ways to prevent basement flooding and protect your home's foundation. We have over 30 years of experience and are eager to serve you. Our service area includes Nebraska and parts of Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri.

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Sill Plate 101: Frequently Asked Questions

Dave Epp — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Jun 25, 2024

When it comes to your home's structural integrity, every component plays a crucial role. One often overlooked yet vitally important element is the sill plate. Whether you're a seasoned homeowner or a first-time buyer, understanding what a sill plate is, its significance, and how to detect and prevent damage can help you maintain and protect your property.

What is a Sill Plate?

A sill plate, also known as a mudsill or sole plate, is a horizontal piece of lumber that sits directly on top of a building's foundation. It is the primary interface between the house's wooden structure and the concrete foundation. The sill plate is an anchor for the wall framing and support that evenly distributes the load from the walls and roof across the foundation.

Different Types

There are several types of sill plates, each suited for different applications and conditions:

Pressure-Treated Wood: Commonly used for its resistance to moisture and pests.
Engineered Wood: Offers greater strength and stability but can be more expensive.
Metal Sill Plates: Less common but used in specific applications requiring extra durability.

What is the Difference Between a Sill Plate and a Bottom Plate?

In older homes, the sill plate was directly bolted to the foundation. Today, a sill sealer or gasket is typically placed between the sill plate and the foundation to ensure a secure and stable connection. This material acts as a moisture barrier and helps ensure a snug fit, reducing the risk of air leaks and water infiltration. A metal barrier may be placed beneath the sill plate in areas plagued by termites, preventing insects from accessing the wood above the foundation wall. This thoughtful integration of materials and techniques plays a pivotal role in preserving the structural integrity and longevity of the home.

Sill Plate Installation Process

To ensure a secure and durable connection between a home's structure and its foundation, the construction process involves careful placement of heavy-duty steel anchor bolts, known as J-bolts, into the wet concrete at the top of the foundation walls. These J-bolts are designed with a curved bend at the bottom, securing them firmly into the concrete as it hardens. The top portion of these bolts protrudes above the surface, featuring threads to accommodate nuts. After the foundation settles, framing carpenters align the wood sill plates over these bolts, meticulously drilling through the sill plate at the locations of the J-bolts to ensure the wood sits perfectly flat against the concrete. The sill sealer or gasket is placed on the concrete, and the plates are fastened securely to the foundation using large washers and nuts on the protruding ends of the J-bolts.

Do All Homes Have Sill Plates?

Not all homes have sill plates. Sill plates are commonly used in homes with basements or crawl spaces with a distinct foundation wall. Homes built on a slab-on-grade foundation may not have a traditional sill plate, as the walls are constructed directly on the concrete slab. Instead, the bottom plate takes the place of the sill plate. Some older homes were also built without sill plates.

Signs of Sill Plate Damage

How Do They Become Damaged?

Sill plates can become damaged due to several factors:

Moisture: Prolonged exposure to moisture can lead to rot and decay.
Pests: Termites and other pests can weaken the sill plate by chewing through the wood.
Structural Shifts: Settling or shifting of the foundation can cause cracks and breaks in the sill plate.

Signs of Damage

Visible Rot, Mold, or Decay: Darkened, soft, or crumbling wood.
Pest Infestation: Evidence of termite activity or other pests.
Cracks or Splits: Visible fractures in the wood.
Sagging Floors: Uneven or sagging floors above the affected area.

Associated Problems with Damaged Sill Plates

Compromised Structural Integrity: The entire framework of the house depends on a solid sill plate.
Moisture Infiltration: Damaged sill plates can allow water to enter the home, leading to further decay and mold growth.
Pest Entry: Gaps created by damaged sill plates can become entry points for pests.

Can a Sill Plate Be Replaced?

A damaged sill plate can be replaced, although it is a complex and labor-intensive process. A professional contractor should be consulted to assess the extent of damage and determine the best course of action. The replacement process typically involves temporary support for the walls while the damaged sill plate is removed and replaced with a new one.

Replacement Process

Assessment: Inspect the extent of the damage.
Preparation: Support the structure temporarily using jacks or braces.
Removal: Carefully remove the damaged section of the sill plate.
Replacement: Install a new sill plate, ensuring it is adequately sealed and anchored.
Final Inspection: Ensure the new sill plate is level and securely fastened.

How to Prevent Sill Plate Damage

Preventative measures can significantly reduce the risk of damage caused by moisture, pests, and structural shifts, ensuring the longevity of your sill plate. Review the following practical steps and considerations for preventing damage to the sill plate:

Regular Inspections: It is crucial to conduct regular inspections of the sill plate and the rest of your foundation. Look for any evidence of wear and tear, such as rot or insect damage. These inspections help identify issues early on, preventing significant damage and expensive repairs in the future.
Moisture Control: Managing moisture levels around the foundation is essential for maintaining the integrity of a building's structure. Ensure the area surrounding your foundation has proper drainage to prevent water accumulation, which can lead to wood rot and weaken the foundation. Utilizing moisture barriers can also be effective. If your property includes a crawl space, encapsulating it can further protect against moisture by sealing out damp air and preventing mold growth.
Pest Prevention: Implementing effective pest control measures is critical to safeguarding the structure from termites and other destructive pests. Regular treatments and inspections can prevent infestations from compromising the building's strength and safety. Consider natural deterrents or professional pest control services to maintain a pest-free environment.

Protecting your home's structural integrity is essential. If you suspect damage to your sill plate or foundation, don't wait for the problem to worsen. Contact us today to schedule a professional inspection and receive a detailed quote for repair. We service customers throughout Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. Let us help you safeguard your home for years to come.

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How long does it take for a house to settle?

Dave Epp — Fri, 21 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Jun 21, 2024

When you purchase a home or are in the process of maintaining one, understanding the concept of house settling is crucial. This natural occurrence can impact your home's integrity and aesthetics, but when should you worry, and what can you do about it? We will review what house settling entails, its causes, the timeline, and how to tell if your home is settling improperly.

What is House Settling?

House settling refers to the natural and gradual sinking of a building's foundation over time. This process is expected, particularly in new constructions, as the weight of the home presses down on the soil beneath it, causing slight shifts and movements. While it might sound alarming, minor settling is normal and usually not a cause for concern, so long as it happens evenly.

What Causes a House to Settle?

Several factors can influence how and when a house settles. These include:

Type of Soil: Different types of soils possess distinct abilities to support weight, which is a critical consideration in construction and engineering. Soils like those with a high sand content tend to drain water quickly but might shift or compact under heavy loads, affecting the stability of structures. On the other hand, soils rich in clay have the potential to retain water, which can lead to swelling or shrinking as moisture levels change. This variability in reaction under the pressure of a building plays a role in how a home settles.
Weather Conditions: Weather conditions significantly impact the soil's moisture content, which can lead to its expansion and contraction. This expansion and contraction cycle is part of what causes the foundation to settle in the soil. However, extreme weather fluctuations can cause structural damage to a foundation. It's crucial to monitor and manage these changes in soil moisture to maintain the integrity of your home's foundation and avoid costly repairs.
Construction Quality: The techniques and materials utilized in the construction process play a significant role in influencing how a house settles over time. For example, the inadequate compaction of the soil at the building site can cause a home to settle too quickly and unevenly, resulting in various structural problems, including cracks in walls, uneven floors, and doors that won't close properly. Another example may involve inferior-quality concrete or improper mixing.
Weight of the House: The weight of a house, determined by its size, construction materials, and contents, directly impacts the amount of pressure exerted on the foundation and the underlying soil. A heavier house puts more significant stress on its foundation, demanding that it be built to withstand significant pressure to avoid structural issues such as cracking, settling, or even failure. This stress also affects the soil underneath, which must be capable of supporting the house's weight without excessive compression or displacement, ensuring the stability and longevity of the structure.

How Long Does It Take for a House to Settle?

The settling process is typically most noticeable within the first two years after construction. However, it can continue at a much slower and almost imperceptible rate for years after that. The exact timeline can vary significantly based on the factors mentioned above. In general, homeowners might notice minor cosmetic effects of settling during this initial period, but it usually stabilizes over time.

When Should You Worry About Your House Settling?

While some degree of settling is normal, extreme or uneven settling. known as differential settlement. can cause concern and may require professional attention. Here's how to differentiate between normal and problematic settling:

Signs of Normal Settlement:

Small hairline cracks can frequently be observed in interior and exterior walls, especially around the areas close to doors and windows, and along the foundation. Thankfully, many construction companies have arrangements to fix such cosmetic issues within the first year or two. Additionally, minor sticking of doors and windows is another common problem that homeowners might encounter. While this can sometimes be attributed to humidity affecting wooden frames, it could also suggest slight shifts in the house's structure, impacting how doors and windows fit within their frames. While seemingly insignificant on their own, both of these issues are important to monitor to ensure they don't develop into more serious structural concerns.

Signs of Differential Settlement:

Differential settlement is a serious issue that goes beyond the aesthetic and minor inconveniences of standard house settling. It occurs when different parts of a foundation settle unevenly, potentially leading to significant structural damage that can compromise the safety and integrity of the home. Symptoms to watch for include:

Large and uneven cracks have appeared in the foundation or walls.
Doors and windows have become increasingly difficult to open and close.
The floors or stairs are sloping.
There are gaps between walls and the ceiling or floor.
Gaps have formed between windows and the wall.
Countertops have separated from the cabinets or walls.
The chimney is separating from the house.
Walls are bowing.
There are leaks in the basement.

If you notice signs of differential settlement, it's crucial to consult with a foundation repair specialist to assess the severity and discuss potential solutions.

How to Repair Damage from House Settling

The approach to repairing settlement damage depends on the extent and cause of the problem. Hence, professional assessment is key to determining the right course of action. However, common repair solutions include:

Underpinning: The most common solution for differential settlement, underpinning involves extending the foundation in depth so it rests on more stable soil. This often includes the use of steel push and helical piers.
Structural Reinforcement: Adding steel braces, wall anchors, or carbon fiber straps to walls to improve structural integrity and resist further movement.
Sealing Cracks: Filling in foundation and wall cracks with epoxy injections or other sealants to prevent water infiltration and worsening of the settlement.
Polyjacking: A process that raises sunken concrete by injecting polyurethane foam into the space under the foundation, lifting the foundation.
Drainage System: Improving the drainage around the foundation to ensure water flows away from the building, reducing soil moisture variability and its impact on settlement.

If you're concerned about how your house is settling, don't wait for the problem to worsen. Contact a reputable foundation repair company to schedule an inspection and get a free quote. Taking action early can save you time, money, and stress in the long run. Our experts, located in Nebraska and parts of Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri, have over 30 years of experience and are eager to help.

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Are door frame cracks normal, and how do you fix them?

Dave Epp — Wed, 12 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Jun 12, 2024

If you're a homeowner, the sight of a crack in your door frame can be worrisome. But are such cracks normal, or are they a symptom of something serious? In this article, we will teach you how to diagnose the problem and what steps you should take to fix and even prevent it.

Door Frame Cracks Are Not Normal

While door frame cracks are common, they are not "normal." To illustrate, getting sick is common, but it is not normal. Getting sick means your body is fighting some kind of virus or bacteria. Similarly, cracks signify an underlying problem that may be minor or severe. So, how do you tell if the problem is serious? You should give your house a check-up! Many clues can help you determine the seriousness of a door frame crack. However, let's first review the various causes.

Why Do Door Frames Crack?

Before addressing a door frame crack, you must comprehend what causes it. The most common causes include:

**House Settling , ** During the first two years following construction, a new home will invariably settle. This settling creates tension in the building's frame, which can result in cracks in the door frame.
**Water Damage and Moisture , ** Prolonged exposure to water or high humidity can lead to cracks. Roof and plumbing leaks can damage your door's framing, causing warping and cracks. High humidity levels can cause wooden door frames to expand and contract, leading to cracks.
**Unregulated Temperatures , ** The Midwest experiences highly variable weather conditions. Such changes can contribute to cracking. Heating, cooling, and dehumidifying systems can help regulate your home's temperature and prevent minor cracks. However, if your home is often unoccupied, unregulated temperatures stress the interior walls, contributing to cracks.
**Faulty Drywall Taping , ** When a house is constructed, the seams between drywall sheets are sealed with joint tape and compound. If this taping process is not done correctly, it can lead to weak spots on the wall's surface. These imperfections can manifest as cracks, particularly around door frames, where there is natural flex and movement.
**Damaged Crawl Space , ** The crawl space plays a pivotal role in maintaining the structural integrity of your home by supporting the weight of the house above. When beams and piers within the crawl space are compromised. through rot from moisture, termite damage, or physical breakage. they cease to distribute the house's weight effectively. Any shift or sag can cause a door frame to warp or crack.
**Differential Settlement , ** One of the more severe causes of door frame cracks is differential settlement. Differential settlement is when a house's foundation settles at uneven rates. Given the uneven pressure distribution, some sections of the property, particularly those around doorways, may experience increased stress, leading to cracks in the door frame. Differential settlement can be triggered by various factors, including improper soil compaction before construction, erosion, expansive clay soils, and soil over-saturation contributing to hydrostatic pressure. Detecting this early and consulting with a foundational repair company can prevent more significant damage to your home's integrity.
**Foundation Heaving , ** Another severe cause of door frame cracks is foundation heave, which is the upward movement of the foundation. This phenomenon occurs when the soil underneath the foundation expands, often due to moisture increase from heavy rains, melting snow, or plumbing leaks. When the soil expands, it pushes the foundation upward, a motion that places uneven stress on the house's structural integrity. This stress can manifest as cracks in various places, including door frames. These signs should not be ignored, as they indicate significant changes in the foundation that could affect the overall stability of the house.

Diagnosing the Severity of Your Door Frame Crack

Now that you know what can cause door frame cracks, it is time to figure out which one may be the culprit in your home. Clearly, not all cracks are created equal. Here's how to evaluate if the crack in your door frame is serious:

Length

The length of the crack in your door frame can help determine the issue's severity. The longer the crack, the more serious the problem likely is, especially if the crack extends up toward or even across the ceiling.

Width

Hairline cracks, those that are 1/16 of an inch wide or less, are usually not too severe and are generally considered cosmetic. They may be due to faulty drywall taping or a home's natural settling process. Cracks wider than a 1/16 of an inch or wider at one end than another merit immediate attention because they can signal a more serious underlying issue like differential settlement or foundation heave. A good rule of thumb is to call a professional if you can insert a coin into the crack like a vending machine.

Direction

Vertically oriented cracks are often related to the natural settling of the house or faulty drywall taping. These cracks are usually less concerning and may not require immediate, extensive repair. However, horizontal cracks, diagonal cracks radiating from the corner of the door frame, or those with a stair-step pattern, especially in brick or block construction around the frame, can indicate foundation problems such as differential settlement, foundation heave, or crawl space damage. If the crack in your door frame is going in any of these directions, contact a foundation repair company immediately.

Associated Symptoms

If your door frame crack is due to a foundation issue, there are several other symptoms you may notice around your home:

**Uneven Floors , ** A dip or rise in certain areas of your floor could indicate a shifting or settling foundation beneath your home.
**Cracks in Walls or Ceilings , ** Similar to door frame cracks, wall or ceiling cracks can signal foundation movement.
**Doors or Windows That Stick , ** Doors and windows that no longer open or close smoothly can be symptomatic of changes in the framing due to foundation shifts.
**Gaps Around Window Frames or Exterior Doors , ** Gaps that suddenly appear around window frames or external doors can suggest that the foundation has moved, altering the alignment of the structure.
**Water Intrusion in the Basement , ** Water in your basement can indicate foundation cracks through which moisture seeps. This symptom is particularly urgent if new leaks appear or existing ones worsen following heavy rains or in specific seasons.
**Bowed or Cracked Basement Walls , ** The inward movement or bowing of basement walls is a tell-tale sign of foundation damage.

Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking professional evaluation can prevent minor issues from becoming major, costly repairs, ensuring the longevity and safety of your home's structure.

How Do You Fix a Cracked Door Frame?

Once you've diagnosed the issue, it's time to take action. Any repair should begin by addressing the underlying cause. For instance, if you have a leak, the repair process should start with fixing the leak and ensuring the area is completely dry. Simple, minor door frame cracks can often be repaired with wood glue for the wood frame and a drywall patch to fix the wall crack, restoring your frame. Severe cracks may indicate foundation issues, requiring more extensive repairs. Foundation repair methods may include:

**Foundation Underpinning , ** This method resolves issues like differential settlement by driving steel push or helical piers deep into the soil beneath a foundation to stabilize and lift the foundation to its original position.
**Crawl Space Pier and Beam Repair , ** This repair method involves installing additional supports to lift and stabilize the existing beams and floor joists for homes with crawl space issues.
**Basement Wall Crack Repair , ** Small cracks in basement walls can often be repaired with epoxy or polyurethane injections. These materials fill the cracks and bond with the concrete, restoring the wall's structural integrity and preventing water intrusion.
**Basement Bowed Wall Repair , ** Bowed or bulging walls in the basement are often stabilized with wall anchors, carbon fiber strips, or steel I-beams. These materials are attached to the walls to straighten the wall and prevent further movement.

How to Prevent Door Frame Cracks

Prevention is always the best cure, and protecting your door frames is no different. Try the following methods to prevent future cracks:

**Regulate Interior Conditions , ** Maintain a temperature in your home that prevents vast temperature swings, which minimizes the stress on your home's structure.
**Routine Maintenance , ** Regularly inspect your plumbing and roof to catch leaks early, reducing the potential for water-related damage.
**Foundation Care , ** Protecting your foundation is crucial to maintaining the structural integrity of your home. Here are a few ways you can do that:
Clean your gutters regularly
Install gutter downspout extensions
Regrade your yard so it slopes away from the home
Waterproof your basement
Encapsulate your crawl space
Install a drainage system

If you are concerned about the cracks in your door frames, it's time to call the professionals. Contact us today for a free inspection and repair quote. It could be the best decision you make for the longevity of your home.

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How to Design A French Drain System

Dave Epp — Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Jun 06, 2024

Are you a homeowner battling with a waterlogged garden or a soggy lawn every time it rains? Perhaps you've noticed cracks or moisture in your foundation and are rightly concerned about the long-term implications. Most foundation issues stem from one root cause, water. Therefore, ensuring proper drainage around your home's foundation is crucial.

Enter the French drain.

In this quick guide, we'll review the design of an effective French drain system (including a diagram), the benefits of a French drain, how these drains are installed, maintenance, and more. Whether you're a seasoned DIY'er or new to home improvement, our insights will help you tackle groundwater control like a pro.

What Is a French Drain?

A French drain is a trench filled with gravel and a perforated drainage pipe that redirects water away from a building's foundation. The purpose of a French drain is to prevent water from accumulating in the ground, which can cause a variety of issues such as foundation damage, basement flooding, and mold growth. The drain works by allowing water to enter the trench and flow down through the gravel, which acts as a filter to remove debris. From there, the water is directed to a pipe that carries it toward a sump pit with a sump pump, or away from the property directly.

French drains can be installed in a variety of locations, including around the perimeter of a building, along a driveway or sidewalk, or even in a backyard to prevent standing water or soggy soil. They are particularly effective in areas with heavy rainfall or where the soil is particularly dense or clay-like.

While French drains can be a highly effective way to manage excess water on a property, they do require proper installation and maintenance to function properly. It's important to ensure that the trench is dug to the proper depth and width, that the gravel or rock is properly placed, and that the drainage system is properly connected and maintained over time.

French Drain Diagram (Components) and Installation

The components of a French drain typically include a perforated drainpipe, gravel, and landscaping fabric.

The perforated drainpipe is the central component, which runs through the trench and collects water. The perforations allow the water to enter the pipe and flow away from the area. The pipe should have a slope of at least 1% to ensure that water flows smoothly.

The gravel is used to create a porous bed around the pipe, allowing water to seep through the gravel into the pipe. The size of the gravel or rock should be between ¾ to 1 ½ inches in diameter.

The landscaping fabric is used to separate the gravel from the soil and prevent soil particles from clogging the pipe.

French Drain Installation

Choose the location: The first step is to determine the location of the French drain. You want to choose an area where water tends to pool or flow towards your property.
Mark the trench: Once you have chosen the location, mark out the trench using stakes and string. The trench should be at least 6 inches wide and 18 to 24 inches deep.
Dig the trench: Using a shovel or a trenching machine, dig the trench according to the markings. Make sure the trench has a slight slope, dropping about 1 inch for every 8 feet of length.
Line the trench: To prevent soil from seeping into the drain, line the trench with landscaping fabric.
Add gravel: Fill the trench with gravel, leaving about 3 inches of space at the top.
Install the pipe: Place a perforated pipe on top of the gravel, making sure it is level and sloping towards the desired drainage location. Connect the pipe using fittings and connectors where necessary.
Cover with gravel: Cover the pipe with more gravel until the trench is filled to the top. Make sure the gravel is evenly distributed and level.
Cover with soil: Finally, cover the gravel with soil and compact it down. You can then plant grass or other vegetation over the top to help prevent erosion.

Overall, installing a French drain is a relatively straightforward process, but it does require some physical labor. Once installed, your French drain should effectively redirect water away from your property, protecting it from damage.

Benefits of a French Drain

The benefits of a French drain are numerous, and they include both practical and economic advantages.

One of the most significant benefits of a French drain is that it helps to prevent water damage to your property. When water builds up around your home or building, it can seep into the foundation and cause structural damage over time. A French drain helps to prevent this by channeling water away from the foundation and into a designated drainage area.

Another benefit of a French drain is that it can help to prevent soil erosion. By redirecting water away from your property, a French drain can prevent soil from washing away and causing damage to your landscaping or property. This can save you money in the long run by reducing the need for costly landscaping repairs and maintenance.

In addition to preventing water damage and soil erosion, a French drain can also improve the overall health and safety of your property. By reducing the amount of standing water around your property, a French drain can help to prevent the growth of mold, mildew, and other harmful bacteria. This can reduce the risk of health problems for you and your family, as well as improve the overall air quality of your home.

Finally, a French drain can also improve the resale value of your property. Potential buyers are often drawn to properties with effective drainage systems, as they know that they will be less likely to experience water damage or other related issues. By installing a French drain, you can increase the value and appeal of your property, making it a more attractive option for potential buyers.

How to Design a French Drain System

To ensure that a French drain functions effectively, it is important to design it properly.

The first step in designing a French drain is to assess your property. This involves identifying areas where water accumulates or where there is a potential for water damage. This could include areas with poor drainage, low-lying areas, or areas near the foundation of a building. Once you have identified these areas, you can then determine the best location for your French drain.
The next step is to determine the proper gradient and depth for your French drain. The gradient refers to the angle of the trench, which should be sloped downward to ensure that water flows away from your property. The depth of the trench will depend on the depth of the water table in your area, as well as the amount of rainfall you typically receive. In general, a depth of at least 6 inches is recommended.
Selecting the right kind of pipe is also essential to the design of a French drain. The pipe should be made of a durable material that can withstand the weight of soil and other debris. It should also be perforated to allow water to flow into the pipe and be directed away from your property. PVC and corrugated plastic pipes are popular choices for French drains.

French Drain Maintenance

To ensure that your French drain remains effective, it's important to maintain it properly. Here are a few tips to help you maintain your French drain:

Visual Inspection: One of the easiest ways to maintain your French drain is to inspect it visually. Check for any signs of pooling water or clogs in the drain. If you notice any issues, address them immediately to prevent further damage.
Regular Maintenance: It is recommended to conduct a yearly maintenance check-up on your French drain. This will help to identify any underlying issues and make necessary repairs before they become bigger problems.
Clean the Pipe: Over time, debris and other materials can accumulate in the French drain, causing clogs. To prevent this, it's essential to clean the pipe every few years. Professionals can use pressurized water to effectively remove any buildup and keep the drain clear.
Component Replacement: Various components of the French drain may need to be replaced over time. For example, the filter fabric may need to be replaced every 5-10 years to ensure that it continues to function properly.

Proper maintenance of your French drain can help to extend its lifespan and prevent costly repairs. If you're unsure about how to maintain your French drain or have any concerns, it's always best to consult with a professional. They can provide expert advice and ensure that your French drain is functioning at its best.

Is Installing a French Drain a Good DIY Project?

Installing a French drain can be a great DIY project for individuals who have experience with basic plumbing and excavation. However, it is important to understand the purpose and process of a French drain before embarking on this project. If you're unsure, it's best to consult a professional.

Do I Really Need a French Drain?

If you live in an area with heavy rainfall or soil that doesn't drain well, you might need a French drain to avoid the risk of flooding and water damage. Here are some signs that indicate you might need a French drain:

Standing water: If you notice standing water around your foundation or in your basement or crawl space, it's a clear sign that your property doesn't drain correctly. The water might be seeping in through cracks in your foundation, or it might be pooling in low-lying areas.
Mold and mildew: If you smell a musty odor or see mold and mildew growing on your walls or ceilings, it's a sign that moisture is getting into your home. French drains help to prevent this by redirecting water away from your foundation, so it doesn't seep into your walls and floors.
Cracks in your foundation: If you notice cracks in your foundation, it's a sign that your property is experiencing hydrostatic pressure. A French drain can help to relieve this pressure by redirecting water away from your foundation.
Soggy lawn: If your lawn remains soggy and muddy long after rainfall, it's a sign that your soil isn't draining correctly. A French drain can help to improve drainage around your property, which will keep your lawn healthier.
Basement leaks: If you notice water coming into your basement or crawl space during heavy rainfall, it's a sign of poor drainage around the foundation. A French drain can help to redirect water away from your foundation.

How Long Do French Drains Last?

The lifespan of a French drain can vary depending on a range of factors, including the quality of the materials used, the installation process, and the level of maintenance and upkeep provided over time. On average, however, a well-designed and properly installed French drain can last anywhere from 20 to 30 years or more.

One of the key factors in determining the longevity of a French drain is the quality of the materials used. The most durable French drains are typically made from high-quality PVC piping and gravel, which can withstand heavy use and exposure to the elements without deteriorating. Cheaper materials, such as plastic piping or lower-grade landscaping fabric, may not last as long and may need to be replaced more frequently.

Additionally, the installation process can have a significant impact on the lifespan of a French drain. Proper installation involves careful planning and positioning to ensure that the drain is able to effectively capture and remove water from the surrounding area. A poorly installed French drain may not work as effectively and may require more frequent repairs and replacement.

Finally, regular maintenance and upkeep can help extend the life of a French drain. This may include regular cleaning to remove debris and buildup, as well as periodic inspections to identify and address any issues before they become more serious.

If you think your property might need a French drain, contact us today to schedule an evaluation. We serve areas in Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri.

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A Guide to Sump Pump Repair and Maintenance

Dave Epp — Fri, 17 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

May 17, 2024

A sump pump is essential to a basement and crawl space waterproofing system. However, sump pumps require routine maintenance and, at times, repairs. Find out the main components of a sump pump, how to troubleshoot issues, standard sump pump repair methods, maintenance strategies, and when your sump pump needs to be replaced.

How Does a Sump Pump Work?

Sump pumps are usually part of a drain tile system that carries groundwater to the sump pit, and the pump ejects the water away from your home's foundation. But do you know how the pump works? Understanding the essential components and their purpose will help you troubleshoot any problems in the future.

Sump Pit, The sump pump is installed in a sump pit or basin and dug into the ground below the basement floor, crawl space, or in a low-lying area prone to flooding. The sump pit collects water entering the space through the drain tile system.
Float Switch, Similar to the floating mechanism in your toilet, the float switch floats on the water surface inside the sump pit. As the water level rises, the float switch rises. Once the water level reaches a specific point, the float triggers the pump to turn on and eject the water. The float will fall once the water drains, switching off the pump.
Motor and Impeller, Once activated, the sump pump motor starts running, and the impeller, a rotating component inside the pump, begins to spin. The impeller creates a centrifugal force that draws water into the pump.
Discharge Pipe, Water is forced out of the pump through a discharge pipe or hose to a safe location away from the foundation.
Check Valve, A check valve is installed in the discharge pipe to prevent water from flowing back into the sump basin once the pump shuts off. The valve helps maintain the system's integrity and prevents unnecessary pump cycling.
Battery Backup, Some sump pump systems may include a backup power source, such as a battery backup or generator, to ensure continued operation during power outages.

Sump Pump Troubleshooting and Repairs

Now that you have a basic understanding of the different sump pump parts, troubleshooting any problems and determining the appropriate repairs will be easier. Consider the following common scenarios:

Scenario 1: The sump pump will not turn on.

This could signal three potential causes, power failure, a damaged float switch, or a jammed impeller. A sump pump requires electricity or a battery to run. If there is a problem with the outlet or you do not have a backup power supply, you may have just found the problem. If the power is working, test the float switch by lifting it manually and seeing if it triggers the machine to turn on. If the problem is not the power or the switch, try turning off the pump and cleaning the impeller and the screen beneath it. If none of those repairs work, the sump pump may need to be replaced.

Scenario 2: The sump pump turns on but doesn't eject the water.

In this case, the problem likely lies with the impeller, the check valve, or the discharge pipe. Turn off your pump and check your impeller to ensure the blades are in good condition. Next, look at the check valve and ensure it was installed in the right direction and is not stuck. Lastly, ensure your discharge pipe is free of debris and leaks and has not frozen over.

Scenario 3: The sump pump is running continuously.

This could mean one of two things: the float switch is positioned incorrectly, or the pump is not strong enough to handle the amount of water collecting in your drainage system. The float switch will turn on with the slightest amount of water if the float switch is too low. If the pit seems to fill up constantly, but the pump is working smoothly, the pump may be too small and you will need an upgrade.

Scenario 4: The sump pump turns on or off too soon or too late.

Any timing issues with your sump pump turning on or off are likely a float switch problem. If the sump pump turns off before all the water is removed, it turns on when there is only a little water in the pit, or the pump does not turn on soon enough, you may need to readjust the float switch to sit lower or higher. Instructions are available in your sump pump's instruction manual.

Scenario 5: The sump pump is making strange noises.

If the sound of your sump pump has changed from a low hum to an unusually loud noise, there may be a problem with the impeller, the discharge pipe, or the check valve. A loud hum may signal a clogged or frozen discharge pump. A sudden banging may require you to secure your discharge pipe so it doesn't move while the pump is on. A grinding sound points to a jammed impeller. A gurgling noise is usually traced to the check valve and can be exchanged for a quieter model.

How to Maintain a Sump Pump

Maintaining your sump pump will minimize the need for repairs and maximize the pump's longevity. It is recommended that a homeowner perform an annual maintenance check on their sump pump. However, sump pumps that run frequently should be monitored more closely and serviced every three to four months. Testing your sump pump before a major storm is also good practice to ensure functionality and prevent flooding. A good maintenance routine includes the following:

Unplug the sump pump and thoroughly clean all of the components. Remove any standing water, dirt, and debris. Use a soft cloth to clean the housing, a wire brush for the inlet screen, and a plumbing snake for the discharge pipe. You can also pour a 1:1 ratio of water and vinegar into the pit to help remove any grime buildup.
Check for any rusty or faulty parts. Ensure the blades in the impeller are in good condition and there is no visible rust on any other pump parts. To check for defective parts, pour about five gallons of water into the pit until the pump turns on and ensure it runs smoothly with no unusual sounds. If the pump has tilted, level and brace it.
Lubricate the bearings. Please refer to your user manual for instructions since every pump is different, and some do not require lubrication.
Check your discharge pipe to ensure the free flow of water and that it is deposited in the right place. Repair any leaks and secure the pipe if it has shifted.
Test your backup power supply. Unplug your sump pump or turn off the power at the breaker. Then, fill up the sump pit. Ensure that the pump still turns on and ejects the water. Otherwise, you may be at risk of flooding during the next storm.
Install or check the sump pump cover. Installing a cover and ensuring it is still in good condition will prevent debris buildup. The cover promotes optimal functionality and makes maintenance a breeze.

While you can perform the annual maintenance yourself, it is recommended that you have an annual professional inspection since their expertise and specialized tools better equip them to catch problems early and provide a more thorough cleaning.

When Is a Sump Pump beyond Repair?

Depending on use, a sump pump's life expectancy ranges from seven to ten years. With that in mind, if you are experiencing recurring issues with your sump pump and it is seven to ten years old, it is best to replace it. We recommend placing a sticker or writing on your sump the installation date so you can keep track of its age.

If you have already checked all the parts of your sump pump and cannot narrow down the problem, it is best to have a professional inspection before writing the pump off as a dud. However, some common signs that your pump needs replacement are:

The pump has extensive rust.
The pump doesn't turn on despite having power and no debris.
The pump is constantly clogging.
The pump continually vibrates.
The pump turns on and off at seemingly random intervals.

It is also essential to compare the remaining life span of the pump with the cost of repairs. For instance, if the pump is over five years old, it is already approaching or has surpassed half its lifespan. In that case, you must decide if the repair cost is better spent investing in a new sump pump. If your sump pump has repeated failures, replacing the pump with a more reliable model is usually recommended. A professional can help you make that decision.

If you want to install a sump pump system in your basement or crawl space or your sump pump is having issues, schedule an appointment with us today. We also provide numerous other waterproofing solutions for your foundation. Our experts service Nebraska and parts of Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri.

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Cracked Walls 101: Types, Causes, and Fixes

Dave Epp — Fri, 03 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

May 03, 2024

Cracked walls can be far more than unsightly. They can be signs of more serious problems like water damage or foundation issues. But how can you tell what's causing the crack in your wall? You've come to the right place! In this article, we will break down the types of wall cracks, common causes, various repair solutions, and insight into when to call a professional for assessment.

What Are the Different Types of Wall Cracks?

Concrete, drywall, plaster, stucco, brick, you name it, and it can crack. Determining the type of crack your wall has is the first step to understanding the cause of the crack and repairing it. While the following list is not exhaustive of the types of cracks that can appear in your walls, the vast majority will fall into one of these five categories:

Hairline Cracks, Hairline cracks are fine cracks that are smaller than 1/10 of an inch wide. They may vary in size and quantity and are usually superficial, requiring minimal repairs.
Vertical Cracks, A vertical crack runs straight up and down and is not often a cause for alarm. If you have a drywall crack that seems perfectly straight, it is likely due to faulty seam taping between two drywall sheets, and it can be easily repaired. But if there are multiple vertical cracks along the same wall, especially if it is an exterior or foundation wall, there could be foundation issues with your home.
Horizontal Cracks, A horizontal crack runs parallel to the floor. These cracks are usually quite serious because they are signs of structural problems.
Diagonal Cracks, These cracks typically run at about a 45-degree angle across the wall. They often start from corners, window frames, and door frames. Diagonal cracks almost always signal foundation damage.
Stair-Step Cracks, Stair-step cracks are common in brick and concrete block walls and travel up along the seams of the blocks. Stair-step cracks are a tell-tale sign of foundation problems.

What Causes Wall Cracks?

Wall cracks can be caused by various factors, ranging from water leaks to severe structural issues. Here are some common causes of wall cracks:

Moisture, Water infiltration from leaks, plumbing issues, or high humidity levels can weaken the structural integrity of the walls and lead to cracks. Moisture-related cracks may be accompanied by staining, bubbling, or peeling of paint or wallpaper.
Age and Wear, As buildings age, materials may degrade or deteriorate, increasing susceptibility to cracks. Normal wear and tear and poor maintenance can also contribute to the development of cracks over time.
Settling, When a building's foundation settles over time, it can cause the walls to shift slightly, leading to hairline cracks. Minor settling is common in most buildings and usually does not pose a significant structural concern. However, differential settlement, when your home sinks unevenly, is a severe problem that requires professional attention. Differential settlement may happen because of factors like expansive soil, drought, oversaturated soil, and invasive tree roots.
Temperature Fluctuations, Changes in temperature and humidity levels can cause materials like drywall to expand and contract. Over time, this repeated movement can result in cracks, especially in areas with extreme temperature variations or homes left vacant for multiple months without temperature regulation.
Poor Construction Techniques, Improper drywall installation, inadequate framing, or subpar building materials can contribute to wall cracks.
Exterior Factors, External factors such as nearby construction work, heavy traffic vibrations, or tree roots can exert pressure on the building structure and contribute to wall cracks, especially if the building's foundation was previously compromised.
Natural Disasters -Earthquakes, floods, or tornadoes can cause sudden and severe structural damage, including wall cracks.

Identifying the underlying cause of wall cracks is crucial for determining the appropriate repair approach. While minor hairline cracks may only require cosmetic fixes, more severe or structural cracks may necessitate professional repairs to ensure the safety and stability of the building.

When Should I Worry about My Cracked Walls?

While we recommend that all cracks be readily fixed to prevent future issues, not all cracks should cause alarm. The key is to determine whether the crack is structural, which requires careful observation and assessment. Here are some indicators that can help you identify whether a crack may be related to structural issues:

Width, Structural cracks are wider than hairline cracks, 1/10 inch or wider. They may also extend diagonally or horizontally across the wall or appear in a stair-step pattern along mortar joints in masonry walls. Additionally, if the crack seems wider at one end of the crack, it is likely a structural crack.
Location, Cracks near corners, windows, doors, or along the edges of ceilings are more likely to be related to differential settlement. Cracks that appear repeatedly in the same location may indicate ongoing structural issues.
Depth, Structural cracks often extend beyond the surface layer of paint or plaster and may be accompanied by visible separation or displacement of the surrounding materials.
Associated Symptoms, Look for other signs of structural issues, such as uneven floors, doors or windows that no longer close properly, or gaps between walls and floors or ceilings.

If you suspect that a crack may be structural, it's essential to consult with a foundation repair specialist for a thorough assessment. They can evaluate the cracks' characteristics, inspect the foundation and structure, and recommend appropriate repairs. Ignoring or patching up structural cracks will only lead to further damage and compromise the safety and stability of your home.

Can You Fix Cracked Walls?

Cracked walls are absolutely fixable. However, you must correct the underlying issue before fixing a crack. For instance, if a plumbing leak caused the crack, you must stop the leak and replace the drywall, otherwise the crack will reappear. If your house is settling unevenly, you will need foundation underpinning to raise and stabilize your home before attempting to fix the crack.

Once the underlying issue has been corrected, it is time to patch the crack. Here are some standard repair methods:

Drywall Patch, Prepare the wall by removing debris, such as paint chips, old drywall tape, etc. Then, spread joint compound over the crack, apply drywall tape, and another layer or two of joint compound. Once the crack is covered, smoothen the wall out with a wet sponge. Once the wall is dry, you can paint. For more detailed instructions, read the article " How to Fix Cracked Drywall Ceiling."

Epoxy Injection, This repair solution is for larger hairline cracks, typically in concrete walls. It involves a professional injecting a urethane resin into the crack and sealing it with an epoxy paste. Epoxy injections come with a 2-year transferable limited warranty.
Xypex Crack Repair, If your concrete foundation wall has a large crack, a specialist can use the Xypex crack repair system to fill and seal the crack from inside your home, eliminating water and air leaks. This solution comes with a 10-year transferable "NO LEAK" guarantee.
Wall Clay Process, If there is a crack in your foundation but it is obstructed by drywall or paneling, a professional can repair the crack from the exterior of your home using a waterproof granular clay solution.

When Should I Call a Professional about My Cracked Wall?

If you suspect that the crack in your wall seems to be structural, it is imperative to call a foundation repair specialist. Foundation damage only worsens, making time your enemy. Calling a professional early on will ensure that your home remains safe and repair costs are minimal. Remember, if you notice any of the following signs, your crack is likely structural:

Wider than 1/10 inch
Horizontal, diagonal, or stair-step crack
Multiple vertical cracks
The crack is wider on one side
The crack is near a corner, door frame, or window frame
You spot other problems like uneven floors or gaps between the wall and floor or ceiling

We offer free foundation inspections and are happy to help you find the best solution for your home's needs. We service Nebraska and parts of Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. Schedule your foundation repair consultation today.

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What Is a Crawl Space Sump Pump, and Why Do I Need One?

Dave Epp — Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Apr 22, 2024

Installing a sump pump in your crawl space is essential in protecting your foundation from water damage and all its associated troubles. By waterproofing your crawl space, you can prevent issues like mold, wood rot, and pest infestations while gaining valuable storage space, peace of mind, and increasing the value of your home.

Let's discuss what a crawl space and a sump pump are, signs that you might need a sump pump, how a sump pump works, and other ways you can protect your foundation from moisture.

What Is a Crawl Space?

A crawl space is a type of foundation commonly used in residential homes in the Midwest. It is a shallow foundation with an open area, typically between 1.5 to 3 feet in height, beneath the ground floor of a house. It provides just enough space for someone to crawl through, hence the name. The crawl space allows access to plumbing, HVAC systems, and electrical wiring below the home, making it easier to perform maintenance or repairs on these systems.

What Is a Crawl Space Sump Pump?

A sump pump is a device located in a home's crawl space to remove accumulated water in a sump pit. The primary function of a sump pump is to prevent flooding by pumping out excess water and redirecting it away from the foundation of the structure. Sump pumps are essential to protecting a home from water damage and the potential hazards that come with it.

How Do I Know If My Crawl Space Needs a Sump Pump?

Unless you live in an extremely arid region, a sump pump is essential to prevent water damage in your crawl space. You need a sump pump if you notice any of the following signs of moisture in your crawl space.

Musty Odor, A musty smell is usually an indicator of mold, mildew, or stagnant water.
Visible Mold or Mildew, Mold and mildew thrive in damp, humid environments and may appear as black, green, or white patches on surfaces such as walls, floor joists, insulation, or subflooring.
Standing Water, Puddles or standing water in the crawl space indicate water intrusion from sources such as groundwater infiltration or surface runoff.
Condensation, Condensation on surfaces such as pipes, ductwork, or insulation may indicate high humidity levels in the crawl space.
Rotting Wood, Moisture can cause wood to rot and decay over time, weakening structural components such as floor joists, beams, and subflooring.
Rusty Metal, Excess moisture in the crawl space can lead to corrosion and rust formation on metal components such as support beams, ductwork, or plumbing fixtures.
High Humidity Level, Elevated humidity levels in the crawl space can promote mold growth, wood rot, and other moisture-related issues.
Damp Insulation, Damp insulation or other building materials in the crawl space indicate moisture infiltration from sources such as groundwater, plumbing leaks, or inadequate drainage.
Insect Infestations, Moist environments in crawl spaces provide ideal conditions for insect infestations, including termites, carpenter ants, and wood-boring beetles.

What Are the Benefits of a Sump Pump in My Crawl Space?

There are many benefits of installing a sump pump in your crawl space, including:

Efficient water removal, A sump pump protects your crawl space from flooding and damage by directing water a safe distance from your foundation.
Durable and reliable, A well-maintained sump pump typically lasts seven to ten years. It works automatically to mitigate water damage, even when the power is out (so long as it is attached to a backup battery).
Prevent mold, By effectively and reliably preventing water buildup in your crawl space, you can prevent mold growth that can eventually spread to your home and cause health concerns and expensive repairs.
Protects your foundation, Water accumulation in a crawl space can weaken the structural integrity of the home's foundation, support beams, and floor joists. By preventing water from pooling or saturating the soil beneath the house, a sump pump helps maintain the stability and strength of these structural components, reducing the risk of costly repairs or foundation damage.
Mitigates pest infestations, By controlling moisture levels and reducing standing water, a sump pump can help deter pest infestations and protect the home from structural damage caused by wood-destroying insects.
Enhances property value, A dry, well-maintained crawl space can improve a home's overall value and marketability.

How Does a Sump Pump in a Crawl Space Work?

There are different types of sump pumps, and they each work a bit differently. However, the typical crawl space sump pump works like this:

Sump Pit, A sump pit, also known as a sump basin or sump well, is a small pit or reservoir dug into the lowest part of a crawl space. It collects water that enters the space, typically through a drainage system like drain tile.
Pump Mechanism, The sump pump is typically installed inside the sump pit and is equipped with a motor, impeller, and float switch. When water in the sump pit reaches a certain level, the float switch activates the pump, signaling it to start pumping water out of the pit.
Water Removal, The pump's impeller rapidly spins, creating a suction force that draws water into the pump and through a discharge pipe or hose. The water is then expelled from the pump and directed away from the building's foundation through a discharge pipe.
Automatic Operation, Many sump pumps have automatic switches that activate the pump when water levels rise above a predetermined threshold and deactivate it when water levels recede. An automatic switch ensures continuous operation and helps prevent flooding even when you are not home.
Backup Power, To ensure reliable operation during power outages, some sump pumps have backup power sources, such as battery backups or generators. These backup systems can provide power to the pump during emergencies and help prevent flooding during power failures.

Are There Other Ways to Protect My Crawl Space from Water Damage?

Absolutely! Aside from installing a drain tile system and a sump pump, consider the following options:

Install a crawl space vapor barrier, A vapor or moisture barrier prevents moisture from the soil from seeping into your crawl space.
Install a dehumidifier, A dehumidifier will actively remove moisture from the air and prevent condensation.
Ensure you have an efficient gutter system, Keep your gutters free of debris and install downspout extensions to prevent water from accumulating near your foundation.
Regrade your yard, Make sure that your yard slopes away from your home so that water does not pool around your home.
Install a French drain, A French drain collects water from your yard and directs it away from your home, preventing your crawl space from flooding.
Avoid landscaping too close to the home, This will prevent the need for watering plants close to your foundation and risking moisture in your crawl space.

If you want to protect your home and your family by waterproofing your crawl space, schedule an appointment with our experts today. We specialize in crawl space encapsulation and waterproofing solutions, including installing drainage and sump pump systems. We service Lincoln, Omaha, Grand Island, Kearney, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, and parts of Northeastern Kansas.

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What is a slab foundation?

Dave Epp — Mon, 11 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Mar 11, 2024

A slab foundation is any type of foundation made up of a flat poured concrete surface, usually sitting directly on prepared soil and creating the floor of the structure it supports.

Slab foundations are durable and have a life expectancy of 80 to 100 years or more when properly built and maintained. That being said, there are many different types of slab foundations to suit homeowners' various financial and geographic needs.

What Are the 5 Main Types of Slab Foundations?

Monolithic-(On-Gracde)-Foundation Stem-Wall-(Raised)-Foundation

1. Monolithic (On-Grade) Foundation

Monolithic slabs are amongst the most common, simplest, and affordable types of slab foundations. They consist of a single layer of concrete, about four to six inches thick, poured directly onto prepared soil.

First, a builder will compact the soil and possibly add materials like sand or gravel to improve water drainage. Then, wood framing is set up to guide the concrete when it is poured. Along the perimeter and where load-bearing walls will go, the concrete is thicker (about 12 to 24 inches) to support the weight of the building. When the concrete is poured, footers are made at the corners to create one solid foundation.

2. Stem Wall (Raised) Foundation

A stem wall foundation consists of a concrete slab on top of a concrete wall and footings. These raised foundations are popular in areas prone to flooding because they raise the home above the ground.

First, concrete footers are placed below the prepared soil. A partially submerged wall is then made to create the perimeter and support load-bearing walls. This wall may be made of masonry blocks or poured concrete. The space between the walls will usually be filled with compacted soil. Then, a slab of concrete is poured over the top to create the floor of the building.

T-Shaped-Foundations Frost-Prroteected-Foundation Floating-Foundation

3. T-Shaped Foundation

T-shaped foundations are used in frost-prone regions. They are a type of stem-wall foundation known for their inverted T-shaped footers that penetrate below the soil's frost line.

4. Frost-Protected Foundation

As the name suggests, frost-protected foundations protect homes from frost heave. Polystyrene sheets around the edges and base of the slab insulate the foundation, protecting it when the ground freezes. These foundations require less digging than T-shaped foundations since the footings do not have to go past the soil's frost line. They are shallower and easier to construct.

5. Floating Foundation

Floating foundations are generally used for small structures, like sheds. They generally consist of a single slab that may or may not sit on a detached concrete footing, hence why they are considered floating.

To learn more, see monolithic and stem wall foundations.

Advantages of Slab Foundations

Cheaper Initial Cost

Slab foundations are usually cheaper than basement and crawl space foundations since they require less excavation and materials.

Faster Build Time

Slab foundations are usually easier and quicker to build since they require less excavation and may be completed in a single concrete pour.

Low Maintenance

Concrete slab foundations require little to no maintenance since they are solid masses that are less susceptible to issues like moisture damage, infestations, and even radon gas leaks. The main thing to watch for is cracks and ensuring you protect your home from excessive moisture in the soil and extensive root systems.

Protection from Pests

Slab foundations do not have space beneath the home, preventing insects and animals from building nests. There is also no exposed wood or moisture to attract them.

Durability

Concrete foundations have a high weight-bearing capacity, making them an ideal foundation choice.

Disadvantages of slab foundations

Difficulty Accessing Water and Gas Lines

In homes with slab foundations, gas and water lines are embedded in the concrete foundation. If they ever need repairs, the concrete needs to be jackhammered to access them, raising the cost of repairs.

Prone to Freezing Damage

Even with advances in building techniques, concrete is still prone to cracking in areas with extremely low temperatures. Such cracks can increase the chance of moisture-related issues and put your home's structural integrity at risk.

Poor Insulation

Slabs do not require insulation, which may reduce your home's energy efficiency in winter. You may notice that your floors will be colder and have higher heating costs.

When Is a Slab Foundation Best?

Slab foundations are ideal in the following situations:

Temperate climates: Since they are prone to cracking in areas subject to freezing, slab foundations are best in areas that do not have a frost line.
Minimize construction and maintenance costs: If time and money are significant factors for your build, you may lean towards a slab foundation.
Shallow Bedrock & High Water Table: If your land makes digging difficult, either because it is too rocky or the water table is near the surface, consider a slab foundation.
Flat Ground: Concrete slabs need leveled ground since they are one solid piece. A slab foundation is a good choice if your land is already leveled.
Accessibility Needs: If steps are challenging, consider a slab foundation, which is generally flush with the ground.

For more information, see Slab Foundation Vs. Crawl Space.

Common Problems With Slab Foundations

No foundation is indestructible. The most common issues for concrete slabs are cracking, differential settlement, and upheaval.

Cracking

A slab may crack because of large tree roots, freezing temperatures, earthquakes, and shifting soil. Cracking can affect the structural integrity of your home and should be examined by a professional foundation repair contractor.

Differential Settlement

While it is normal for a home to settle, or sink, slightly into the ground, differential settlement is when part of your home settles faster than the rest. This may happen because of issues with the soil, like excessive moisture or erosion. Differential settlement is a structural issue. It also leads to problems like sagging ceilings, cracks in the foundation, floor, and walls, and warped framing, causing doors and windows to stick.

Upheaval

When the moisture in the soil freezes, it can cause the slab to rise and become uneven. Upheaval leads to similar issues as differential settlement.

Common Repairs for Slab Foundations

Common repairs for slab foundations include leveling uneven slabs with a method called foundation underpinning and sealing cracks with unique solutions such as epoxy injections.

Foundation Underpinning

With the help of push and helical piers, your home's foundation can be leveled permanently by connecting it to stable ground below and raising it as much as possible without causing damage.

Epoxy Injections

This special sealant is waterproof and reinforces the concrete while patching cracks.

If your concrete slab foundation is experiencing any cracking, differential settlement, or upheaval, contact us as soon as possible to provide the best solution. With 30 years of experience, we can help you permanently restore the safety and integrity of your home. We service areas in Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri.

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Should I worry about cracks in garage floor?

Dave Epp — Fri, 08 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Mar 08, 2024

If you are reading this article, you likely have a crack in your garage floor that you are trying to assess for seriousness. Let us reassure you that not all cracks in a garage floor are serious. But how do we know which are which? Keep reading to learn about the different types of cracks in garage floors, their causes, when you should worry, and how to fix them.

Are Cracks in Concrete Garage Floors Common?

Cracks in garage floors are very common occurrences and, in many cases, are simply unsightly, often caused by shrinkage during the concrete curing process. Cracks in concrete garage floors can occur in both older and newer homes.

Common Causes of Cracks in Garage Floors

Age

Concrete expands and contracts over time due to temperature fluctuations. The older your garage floor is, the more likely it will crack.

Shrinkage

When concrete cures after pouring, the slab shrinks. This shrinking process commonly causes hairline cracks along the surface of the slab.

Extreme Weather

Some causes of cracking, like earthquakes, tornadoes, or flooding, are evident. But less subtle causes like extreme cold can cause the soil beneath your garage to expand and create cracks.

Poor Construction

Unfortunately, not all building companies follow the best industry practices, resulting in inferior workmanship. Some problems include:

Insufficient joints: Joints, the purposefully made gaps within a concrete slab, are designed to allow the concrete to move without cracking or at least control it. If there are not enough joints, your garage floor will likely crack.
Improperly prepared soil: This can cause a garage floor to settle and crack.
Insufficient curing time: If a heavy load is placed on the concrete before it is fully cured, it will crack.
Improper trowelling: If the concrete is not smoothed out correctly, the top layer will dry out too fast and create hairline cracks across the floor, called crazing. These crazing cracks resemble an irregular honeycomb pattern or a cracked desert floor.
Insufficiently covered rebar: If this occurs, you will likely see parallel or perpendicular hairline cracks and rusting about one to two feet apart.
Foundation Settlement

If your garage floor is connected to the perimeter of the garage's foundation and the foundation settles, the floor could crack. This isn't actually an issue with the garage floor itself, but a serious structural issue with the garage's foundation.

For more information see Garage Foundation Repair

How Can You Tell What Caused the Crack in Your Garage Floor?

So, was the crack caused by something like shrinkage or an insufficient number of joints, or something more serious like a problem with the garage's foundation? Here are some things to look out for:

Step 1: Measure the width and height of the crack.

If the crack is less than 1/8 of an inch wide, it is considered a hairline crack and is usually not a reason for alarm. However, if your garage floor is badly cracked, meaning the crack is wider than 1/8 of an inch, one part is wider than the rest, or one part of the crack is raised, there could be a structural concern.

Step 2: Analyze the size and location of the crack.
If the crack follows a straight line or pattern, it may follow along a control joint, which is entirely normal.
If you notice some rusting, the crack may be related to the rebar underneath and will need repair. But it is unlikely to be a structural issue.
If the crack is isolated and does not affect any of the walls, it may have been caused by shrinkage or aging.
If the crack is irregular in size and spreads across the entire floor or stretches up a wall, this is likely a structural problem.
Step 3: Monitor the crack.

Monitor the cracks in your garage floor. If they grow over time, this is usually a sign of structural damage.

Step 4: Check for other red flags.

If you suspect structural damage, check your garage for some of these red flags:

Sloping floors
Difficulty opening doors or windows
Pooling water
Sagging roof
Cracks in walls, steps, siding, and the foundation
Step 5: Seek professional advice.

If you are unsure what could be causing the crack in your garage floor, call a professional foundational repair company. It is always better to err on the side of caution and to catch any problems early.

When Should You Worry About the Crack in Your Garage Floor?

You should worry about cracks caused by serious structural problems with either the garage floor itself or the garage's foundation. The only way to know for sure if you have one of these cracks is to contact a foundation repair contractor and ask for an inspection.

How Do You Fix a Crack in Your Garage Floor?

Fixing Non-Structural Cracks

If the cracks in your garage floor were caused by shrinkage during the concrete curing process (very common), you may repair them using epoxy or polyurethane injections. These sandable injections repair cracks, reinforce the concrete and prevent water penetration.

Fixing Structural Cracks

If your garage's foundation is experiencing settlement, you may need foundation underpinning. If the settlement was caused by excessive moisture in the ground around the foundation, you may need a drain tile system. A foundation repair expert will be able to determine the best solution.

How Do You Prevent Cracks in Your Garage Floor?

If you plan to build a new garage, pick a reputable builder. Most problems can be avoided by properly preparing the soil and using best building practices.

To maintain a crack-free garage, do your best to protect the integrity of your foundation and garage floor. For more information, see Concrete Garage Floor Crack Repair.

Contact us today for a professional assessment of the crack in your garage floor and any other concrete repair needs. We serve areas in Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri.

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6 Problems with Self-Leveling Concrete You Should Know

Dave Epp — Wed, 14 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Feb 14, 2024

When issues occur with concrete, one of the options that many homeowners consider is using self-leveling concrete. This type of concrete flows easily, works quickly, and can fix an uneven floor in a matter of hours.

That being said, self-leveling concrete is not a cure-all for every problem experienced with a concrete slab. Some issues are specific to self-leveling concrete that you should know before using it at home.

1. Self-Leveling Concrete Is Difficult to DIY

Many homeowners enjoy doing work around the house when possible. They might even have an impressive set of tools, and they can regularly be found working the weekends doing anything from yard work to interior home repairs.

Self-leveling concrete, however, is not something that a homeowner generally does. It is not recommended as a DIY project because any error in the mixture could lead to problems with the finished results. The problems could include not leveling itself properly or cracking quickly after it is applied.

2. Self-Leveling Concrete Can Crack and Crumble

Cracks are a common problem when concrete is curing. Even large concrete slabs can have small cracks form as the concrete cures due to the stress associated with the concrete drying.

Self-leveling concrete can experience the same problems, but they are amplified in different ways. Since self-leveling concrete dries quickly, it can also crack quickly, and the cracks may be more substantial than what you would see with regular concrete.

Sometimes, self-leveling concrete is also used to cover cracks in the concrete slab. Doing so is a mistake because if the cracks are not repaired, they will get larger and result in the new layer of concrete cracking.

3. Self-Leveling Concrete Does Not Fix the Bigger Problems

There are times when self-leveling concrete is going to be a good solution. One reason it is used includes leveling the floor before you put tile or another type of flooring down. This type of issue resolves a problem where there may be dips in the concrete slab.

All too often, however, self-leveling concrete is used to cover problems that need repairing as well. A good example is when a concrete slab foundation cracks due to differential settlement. If that crack isn't repaired and the foundation isn't fixed, you can end up with bigger problems in the future.

If you have any large cracks in a concrete slab, it's important to have the slab inspected by a professional. Epp Foundation Repair can provide you with that inspection. All you have to do is call or fill out the form on our website.

4. Self-Leveling Concrete Is Not for Vertical Surfaces

Self-leveling concrete does have the benefit of curing quickly, but it is a thin mixture and will not cure quickly enough for use on vertical surfaces. You should only use self-leveling concrete on horizontal surfaces where the application is appropriate.

5. Self-Leveling Concrete Thickness Is Limited

Self-leveling concrete is a convenient choice for correcting specific problems, such as leveling a concrete floor before another floor is installed. It is not appropriate, however, for pouring a thicker slab.

Generally speaking, self-leveling concrete is only poured to a depth of 1 or 2 inches. If you need a thicker layer of concrete, such as pouring a foundation slab, you cannot use self-leveling concrete because it will not support the structure's weight.

6. Self-Leveling Concrete Is Not Useful Outdoors

It is not recommended that you use self-leveling concrete for any outdoor applications. Due to the nature of the concrete, it can experience problems due to the freeze-thaw cycle or exposure to excess moisture.

The extremes that are experienced outdoors can cause self-leveling concrete to crack easily and even crumble.

Can Problems with Self-Leveling Concrete Be Repaired?

Some issues are associated with self-leveling concrete, such as cracking or crumbling. Removing the self-leveling concrete and starting from scratch may be the only option.

Is A Foundation Repair Necessary?

Slab on grade foundations can sometimes experience problems due to differential settlement. Settlement is often associated with poor drainage and high moisture levels in the soil under and around the slab.

When the soil can no longer support the weight of the slab and structure, it can begin to sink and often does so at a different rate at different areas of the slab. As a result, the slab may eventually sink and crack, leading to many problems.

Epp Foundation Repair can be called on to correct this problem. Through underpinning with slab piers, the slab can be stabilized and even raised to an acceptable level.

After boring through the slab, slab piers can be inserted into the ground till they reach stable soil or bedrock. At that point, they are attached to the underside of the slab and provide the support the slab needs to last for a lifetime.

Contact Epp Foundation Repair today for a foundation inspection and more information on how we can fix a problem concrete foundation.

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Should You Worry About Hairline Cracks In Walls?

Dave Epp — Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Sep 27, 2023

Looking for information about hairline cracks in walls? If so, don't hit that back button because you've landed on the right page. In this article, we're going to review the causes of wall cracks in general, what causes hairline cracks in walls, structural vs. non-structural cracks, and more.

Structural Vs. Non-Structural Wall Cracks

Not all wall cracks are the same. There are structural wall cracks and non-structural wall cracks.

Structural wall cracks

Structural cracks are those that affect a building's structural integrity. Signs a wall crack might be structural include the following:

Wider than 1/10th of an inch
Wider at one end
Getting bigger
Stair step cracks in brick or masonry
Horizontal, with or without bowing
Many vertical cracks next to each other
Diagonal from the corners of windows and doors
A crack that goes across the ceiling and down the wall

Structural cracks require immediate attention. Repair methods for structural wall cracks usually involve injecting epoxy resins, carbon fiber reinforcement, or steel plates.

Non-structural hairline wall cracks

Non-structural hairline wall cracks are usually cosmetic and do not affect the building's structural integrity. They are generally narrower than 1/10th of an inch (i.e, hairline) and often appear vertically.

For more information, see Structural or Non-Structural? Understanding Foundation Cracks.

What Causes Wall Cracks?

Causes of structural wall cracks

Most structural wall cracks are caused by differential settlement. Differential settlement happens when a foundation settles into the ground unevenly. It places immense stress on a foundation, leading to structural damage that manifests as wall cracks, uneven floors, and other issues. Differential settlement is caused by various things, including improper soil preparation, expansive soil, and natural disasters.

Causes non-structural hairline cracks in walls

Various things, including the following, can cause non-structural hairline wall cracks:

Shrinkage during the concrete curing process, Hairline cracks in a poured concrete foundation wall can happen during the concrete curing process.
Temperature fluctuations, Temperature fluctuations can cause walls to expand or contract, leading to cracks in paint or plaster. This is because the different materials used to construct buildings have varying thermal expansion rates.
Humidity changes, When the air inside a room is moist, and the air outside is dry, the moisture in the wall can evaporate, leading to contraction and hairline cracks.
Moisture, Poor drainage around a foundation can result in moisture penetrating the concrete. When water evaporates from concrete, it leaves behind salt deposits that may interfere with the adhesion of paint or wall finishes. This could cause cracks to form.
Bad drywall installation, Sometimes, the drywall installer doesn't use enough drywall mud. This can eventually cause the drywall tape to come loose, creating a crack.
Wet drywall, A plumbing leak or leaking window can cause water damage to drywall, resulting in hairline cracks in walls.
New construction, After a home is built, the foundation will settle very slightly into the ground. Sometimes, this can cause hairline wall cracks.

While non-structural hairline cracks in walls aren't usually anything to be concerned about, there's always the chance that you're seeing the early stages of a structural crack. (If the crack gets bigger, it's almost certainly structural.) Therefore, any time you see a wall crack, no matter the size, you should contact a foundation repair contractor and ask for an inspection.

If the crack turns out to be structural, it's crucial to address it immediately. If you wait, the problem will worsen, and you'll pay more for the repair. We'll talk more about this in the next section.

Repairing Non-Structural Hairline Wall Cracks

A non-structural foundation wall crack can be sealed using epoxy crack injection, a cost-effective solution that involves filling the crack with an epoxy adhesive. After the crack is thoroughly cleaned of any loose debris, the epoxy mixture is injected into the crack and then allowed to dry and cure. Once the epoxy has dried, any excess can be scraped off, and the surface sanded smooth for a clean finish.

When To Worry About A Wall Crack

You should be vigilant when it comes to wall cracks, regardless of their size. While small wall cracks may appear harmless, they can indicate a severe foundation problem. Unless you're sure the hairline wall crack is non-structural, you should err on the side of caution, contact a foundation repair professional, and ask for an evaluation.

If you're worried about hairline cracks in the walls of your home, contact us today to schedule a foundation evaluation. We'll be able to tell you if the wall crack is structural or non-structural and give you a repair estimate. We serve areas in four states: Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri. The top cities we serve are Lincoln, Omaha, Grand Island, Kearney, Norfolk, and many more; contact us today for a free estimate.

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How To Winterize Sump Pump Discharge

Dave Epp — Fri, 15 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Sep 15, 2023

Wondering how to winterize sump pump discharge? If so, you've landed on the right page because that's what we're going to talk about in this article. We'll review why you don't want a frozen sump pump hose, how to stop your sump pump hose from freezing, and more.

What Is A Sump Pump?

A sump pump is a mechanical device used to prevent water damage to a foundation. It's typically installed in a sump pit, a small basin located in the basement or the crawl space. A sump pump is designed to remove water from this pit and pump it away from the foundation.

How Does A Sump Pump Work?

The mechanism behind a sump pump is relatively straightforward. When water enters the sump pit, a float or pressure switch is triggered, signaling the pump to turn on. The water is sucked up through a pipe and discharged away from the foundation. Depending on the size and capacity of the sump pump, it can remove thousands of gallons of water per hour.

Sump pumps are helpful in areas prone to heavy rainfall or flooding, as they efficiently and effectively manage excess water. They can also be installed in properties with a high water table or poor drainage systems.

Two Types Of Sump Pumps

There are two main types of sump pumps: submersible and pedestal.

Submersible sump pumps are designed to be placed directly in the sump pit and are more commonly used in residential properties.

Pedestal sump pumps, on the other hand, are mounted above the pit and are typically used in commercial and industrial settings.

Why You Don't Want A Frozen Sump Pump Hose

Whether you live in an area with a high water table, frequent rainfall, or near a body of water, a sump pump is essential for a dry and comfortable home. However, one problem might affect your sump pump's efficiency and leave you with a wet basement: a frozen sump pump hose.

During cold winter months, water in the sump pump hose can freeze and clog the discharge line. This can cause a backup in the system, leading to a possible sump pump failure and potential flooding in the basement. The best way to avoid this problem is by ensuring the hose is adequately insulated, heated, or buried below the frost line. Additionally, having a professional install your sump pump system is crucial since they can provide expert advice and solutions to prevent freezing and other issues.

In addition to potential flooding, a frozen sump pump hose can lead to other problems. It can cause the motor to overwork, leading to a shorter lifespan for your sump pump and higher energy bills. Moreover, if your sump pump runs continuously due to a frozen hose, it can increase wear and tear on the system, leading to costly repairs or replacement.

Taking care of your sump pump system is essential to ensure longevity and efficiency. Checking the sump pump hose for clogs, checking the battery backup, and replacing the primary sump pump every 7 to 10 years can help prevent issues and keep your home dry. Investing in a sump pump alarm can also notify you of potential problems, giving you time to address them before they become costly and irreversible.

Read more about, Sump pump alternatives.

How To Winterize A Sump Pump Discharge Line

During the colder months, the water expelled by the sump pump can freeze inside the discharge line, making it difficult or impossible for the pump to do its job. A frozen discharge line can also cause the sump pump to work harder than necessary, increasing energy consumption and leading to higher bills.

Fortunately, a few steps can help prevent the discharge pipe from freezing and keep your sump pump running smoothly all winter. Here are some tips on how to stop your sump pump hose from freezing:

Adjust the discharge angle, The hose should be sloped downward gradually away from the sump pump outlet, and there should be no loops or dips in the hose. A well-graded hose ensures proper drainage, and water will not accumulate and freeze, causing blockages or expansion and contraction of the hose.
Wrap the pipe in heat tape, Another effective way to prevent freezing is to wrap heat tape around the discharge pipe. This will help to keep the water inside the hose warm and prevent it from freezing. Heat tape is affordable and easy to install, and it can be a lifesaver when it comes to keeping your sump pump running smoothly.
Insulate the hose, Adding insulation to the discharge pipe can also help to prevent freezing. This can be achieved by wrapping the hose in foam insulation or using pipe sleeves. Insulation will help to keep the water inside the hose warm and prevent it from freezing.
Keep the hose clean, It's essential to ensure the discharge hose is free from debris and other obstructions that can cause blockages. A clean hose will allow water to flow freely and reduce the chances of freezing.
Install a battery backup, A battery backup can prevent a sump pump hose from freezing by providing a constant power supply to the sump pump, even during power outages. During the winter months, power outages are not uncommon, and when this happens, the sump pump may stop working, exposing the hose to freezing temperatures. However, with a battery backup, the sump pump will continue to operate regardless of power supply interruption, preventing the hose from freezing.

By following these simple steps, you can prevent your sump pump hose from freezing and ensure that your sump pump is working efficiently all year round.

How To Know If Your Sump Pump Is Frozen

Note: The only way a sump pump will actually freeze is if the pump itself is located outside the house. No sump pump inside a basement is going to freeze. However, the discharge lines outside the house could freeze.

Common signs of a frozen sump pump include the following:

No water drainage, One of the most apparent signs of a frozen sump pump is a complete lack of water drainage. If the pump fails to remove water from the sump pit after heavy precipitation, it could be due to it being frozen. Additionally, if the discharge pipe is covered with snow or ice, it may indicate a blockage preventing water flow. In this case, it's advisable to carefully check the discharge line and remove any ice or snow buildup.
The pump is making strange noises, Another indication of a frozen sump pump is loud or unusual sounds emanating from the motor. If the pump is working but making strange noises, it could be due to ice buildup in the motor and impeller. Thus, turning off the pump and disconnecting it from the power source is vital. Afterward, waiting for the ice to melt before restarting it is advisable.
Ice buildup, Another way to tell if your sump pump is frozen is to check if the pump's exterior is covered in ice or moisture residue. If you notice ice buildup on the motor, switch, or power cord, it could indicate the pump is frozen, which may cause the unit to short circuit or damage the pump components.

Sump Pump Winter Maintenance

With the arrival of winter, homeowners need to ensure their sump pump is functioning correctly.

Test the sump pump to make sure it's functioning properly

Pour some water into the sump pit to activate the pump and ensure it discharges water away from the house.

Clean the sump pump

Cleaning your sump pump helps prevent any debris or dirt from clogging and damaging the pump. If there's dirt or debris in the pump, it can cause the float switch to malfunction, leading to failure.

Check the discharge line

Another essential aspect of sump pump winter maintenance is checking the discharge line. The line can freeze during winter, causing water to back up into the sump pump, leading to flooding. To prevent this, ensure the discharge line is sloped away from the house and not obstructed by debris.

Insulate the discharge line

Insulating the discharge line will prevent it from freezing.

Have a battery backup system

It's critical to have redundancy in a sump pump system. This means having a battery backup system in case of a power outage.

Install a high-water alarm

A high-water alarm will alert you before the sump pit overflows.

If you're concerned about winterizing your sump pump, contact us today to schedule an evaluation. We serve areas in four states: Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri.

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Stem Wall Foundations 101

Dave Epp — Wed, 30 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Aug 30, 2023

If you're wondering what a stem wall foundation is, you've landed on the right page. In this short article, we're going to go over stem wall foundations, how they're built, how to prevent problems with them, and more.

What's A Stem Wall Foundation?

A stem wall foundation is commonly used to build residential and commercial structures. The foundation consists of a concrete stem, or wall, that sits on top of the footing and supports the weight of the building. The purpose of the stem wall is to raise the building off the ground to protect against flooding, pests, and moisture damage.

The stem wall is usually made of reinforced concrete and is poured on top of the concrete footing. The stem wall is usually reinforced with steel bars or mesh to increase its strength and durability.

Stem wall foundations are a popular choice for construction because they require less excavation and are easier to install than other types of foundations. They can also be used in various soil conditions and adapted to different building designs. Additionally, stem wall foundations have the added benefit of providing additional space for insulation and ventilation, which can help to improve energy efficiency and indoor air quality.

Is A Crawl Space Foundation The Same As A Stem Wall Foundation?

A crawl space foundation and a stem wall foundation are two different foundation systems commonly used in construction. While they both serve the purpose of providing structural support for the building, they differ in terms of design and function.

Crawl space foundation

A crawl space foundation is typically constructed with a shallow excavation that creates a space beneath the building's main floor. This space is typically around two to three feet tall and provides access to plumbing, electrical, and other utilities beneath the building. The foundation walls are usually made of concrete blocks or poured concrete and can be reinforced with steel.

Stem wall foundation

A stem wall foundation consists of a concrete slab supported by continuous walls, or stems, that extend from the footing to the slab level. The walls can be made of concrete blocks, poured concrete, or precast concrete panels and are reinforced with steel.

While both foundation types offer stability and durability, a crawl space foundation is often more affordable and easier to construct than a stem wall foundation. However, a stem wall foundation is often preferred in areas with high water tables or expansive soil conditions, providing better protection against moisture and movement.

Building A Stem Wall Foundation

The first step is preparing the site by removing all vegetation, debris, and organic matter to ensure a stable and even base. The soil must then be compacted with a heavy roller or a compaction machine to increase its density and prevent future settling.

Once the site is ready, the next step is to pour the concrete footing. This footing serves as the base of the stem wall and is usually 8-12 inches wide and 8-36 inches deep, depending on the size and weight of the building.

Once the footing has hardened, the concrete stem wall can be constructed on top of it. The stem wall is usually six to twelve inches thick and extends one to four feet above the ground.

Preventing Problems With A Stem Wall Foundation

Homeowners can take several steps to prevent problems with a stem wall foundation, including:

Regular maintenance, Regular inspection and maintenance of the foundation can help identify any issues at an early stage. Ensure there are no cracks or other visible damage to the foundation that could compromise its strength.
Drainage, Proper drainage is a key component in preventing foundation damage. Ensure the gutters and downspouts are regularly cleaned and free of debris. Install downspout extensions to divert water away from the foundation before release.
Re-grade your yard, if necessary, It's also important to grade the soil around the foundation so it slopes away from the house. This prevents groundwater from draining toward the foundation.
Landscaping, Homeowners should avoid planting trees or shrubs too close to the foundation, as their roots can penetrate and damage the foundation walls. Trees should be planted at least 15 feet away from the foundation's perimeter.
Avoid water accumulation, Avoid allowing water to accumulate around the foundation, as this can cause substantial damage. During rain or snowmelt, ensure that the water is diverted away from the foundation using various measures, such as trenches, drainage systems, or French drains.
Seek professional help, If there is a significant crack or other damage to the foundation, it's essential to seek help from a professional contractor with expertise in foundation repair. The earlier the problem is detected, the less costly it will be to fix.

For more information, see The Importance Of Proper Foundation Drainage Around Your Home.

By following these tips, homeowners can help prevent problems with their stem wall foundation and protect the structural integrity of their homes.

If you think your home might have a foundation problem, contact us today to schedule a foundation evaluation. If we find a problem, we'll give you a repair estimate. We serve areas in four states: Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri.

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Types of Ceiling Cracks, With Pictures

Dave Epp — Mon, 02 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

May 02, 2022

Are you looking for information about different types of ceiling cracks with pictures? If so, don't hit that back button! This article has what you need.

Contrary to what many people believe, not all ceiling cracks threaten your home's structural integrity. Some are just ugly. However, certain types of ceiling cracks are structurally significant and could even be dangerous.

Whether a ceiling crack is structurally significant or not, depends on the crack's location, size, and type. The good news is that even structurally significant cracks can usually be repaired.

Types of ceiling cracks with pictures

Hairline ceiling cracks

Hairline cracks on the ceiling that are less than 1/16 inch in width usually aren't a cause for concern. They're simply unsightly and often caused by paint build-up or plaster expanding and shrinking due to fluctuating humidity levels. They're usually nothing to worry about because the cracks are a cosmetic rather than a structural issue.

Straight ceiling cracks in drywall

Straight"cracks" in drywall are also harmless because they're not technically cracks. They're simply the drywall tape pulling away. Drywall tape is used, along with drywall mud, to seal the straight edges where two sheets of drywall come together. When an insufficient amount of drywall mud is used to seal the tape, the drywall tape eventually pulls away and causes"cracks."

Discolored ceiling cracks

A discolored ceiling crack usually means there's water involved. Something's leaking. Is there a bathroom on the floor above the cracked ceiling? Before fixing this type of ceiling crack, you'll need to find and repair the leak.

Big cracks in the center of the ceiling, sometimes with sagging

Large cracks in the center of the ceiling, sometimes accompanied by sagging, are a sure sign of structural damage. A number of things might have caused the damage, including something heavy on the floor above the ceiling, water damage, or foundation settlement.

A ceiling crack that continues down a wall

A ceiling crack that continues down a wall is another sure sign of structural damage.

A crack where the wall meets the ceiling

This is really a separation rather than a crack. Unfortunately, it's an indication the foundation has moved, which means there might be structural damage.

For more information see, Does Your Home Have Dangerous Ceiling Cracks?

Structural ceiling cracks, When to worry

You need to worry about a ceiling crack when you see the following:

A ceiling crack that's wider than 1/8 of an inch
Other signs of foundation trouble(see list below)
A ceiling crack of any size accompanied by sagging
More than one crack, even if they're small
A ceiling crack that's longer than 12 inches
A ceiling crack that continues down a wall

In general, bigger ceiling cracks are more problematic. However, that doesn't mean you should ignore tiny ceiling cracks. Use common sense. If a ceiling crack looks serious, it probably is. If you don't feel safe in the house, leave and contact a foundation repair contractor for any inspection.

Causes of ceiling cracks

Ceiling cracks are caused by various things, including,

Paint build-up, These ceiling cracks are often found in older homes. They look ugly, but they're harmless.
Foundation settlement, These ceiling cracks are structurally significant and need to be inspected by a foundation repair specialist right away.
Moisture, There might be a plumbing leak above the ceiling or perhaps a problem with the roof after a major storm.
Improperly installed drywall, If the drywall joints aren't taped correctly, the tap could come loose and create straight ceiling cracks.
Something heavy on the floor above the ceiling, A piano, a heavy bathtub?

What you should do if you see a ceiling crack

What you should do if you see a ceiling crack depends on the crack.

If you see one hairline crack in the ceiling of an older house, it's probably paint build-up and no reason to lose sleep. Still, measure the crack and monitor it for growth. If it gets bigger, call a foundation repair pro for an inspection.
If you see a straight crack and you've been able to determine that it was caused by improper drywall installation, there's no cause for concern. If you're not sure the straight crack was caused by improper drywall taping, contact a professional foundation repair contractor for an inspection.
If you see a wide crack, long crack, discolored crack, a crack accompanied by sagging, cracks of any size in more than one room, or any other suspicious crack, contact a foundation repair professional for an inspection.

Signs there might be a problem with your home's foundation

If you have a suspicious ceiling crack, look around your home to see if there are other signs of a foundation problem. Here are some things to look for:

Uneven floors, If you drop something on the floor, does it always roll toward a specific spot?
Doors and windows that aren't opening and closing properly
Floor cracks, Look for cracks that go from wall to wall. A crack limited to one or two tiles was most likely caused when something fell on the floor.
Wall cracks, Horizontal and diagonal cracks are the most problematic. However, vertical cracks can allow water to seep into your basement.
Bowed walls, Basement walls can bow inward when hydrostatic pressure builds up in the soil.
Moldings that are out of place, Are the moldings no longer in contact with the ceiling or wall?
Stair step cracks in brick or masonry, This is a sure sign of foundation settlement.
Diagonal cracks from the corners of windows and doors, If these are hairline cracks, it might not be anything to worry about. However, larger cracks are a cause for concern.
Walls separating from the ceiling or floor, Even slight separations should be looked at by a pro.
Porches and chimneys that are leaning away from the house, Sometimes, the foundation under the chimney or porch is a problem, but not always.
Water in the basement, Foundation cracks might be allowing water to seep into the basement.

Also, has anything happened that might have caused foundation damage? For example, an earthquake, landslide, flood, or sinkhole activity?

While not all types of ceiling cracks are serious, some indicate structural damage and need to be immediately inspected by an experienced foundation repair contractor. Whenever you're unsure about a ceiling crack, call a pro. If you catch a foundation problem early, you'll save on repair costs.

If you have a suspicious ceiling crack and you're in our service area in Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri. The top cities we serve are Lincoln, Omaha, Grand Island, Kearney, Norfolk, and many more, contact us today for a repair estimate.

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Structural or Non-Structural? Understanding Foundation Cracks

Dave Epp — Wed, 03 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Dave Epp

Feb 03, 2021

If you're a homeowner, foundation cracks are problematic. While they don't necessarily mean your home is unsafe, or even that your home has foundation trouble, they could be a sign your home has structural problems.

If you're reading this article, it probably means you're concerned about cracks in your foundation. If you were worried enough to Google it, you should probably get a foundation inspection either by an experienced foundation repair professional or a structural engineer. We say this because there's no way even the best, most comprehensive blog article can provide you with a 100% accurate guideline to determine whether or not your home is structurally sound. However, we can provide you with the basic information every homeowner needs to know about foundation cracks.

Note: This article covers structural and non-structural cracks, specifically in homes with basement foundations. It discusses cracks in basement foundation walls, not cracks in drywall, ceilings, or floors.

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Difference Between Structural and Non-Structural Foundation Cracks

The simplest explanation is that structural cracks indicate there has been movement in the foundation while non-structural cracks indicate that there has been concrete shrinkage during the curing process. To put it another way, structural foundation cracks threaten your home's structural integrity while non-structural foundation cracks do not.

Let's take a closer look at the difference between the two types of cracks:

Non-Structural Cracks

A non-structural foundation crack is one that doesn't threaten a building's structural integrity. They're mainly caused by concrete shrinking during the curing process. That doesn't mean they're harmless though. For example, non-structural vertical cracks caused by concrete shrinkage can cause leaks in basements.

Characteristics of non-structural cracks

No more than 1/10 inch wide, Homeowners should monitor small cracks to make sure they're not getting bigger. One of the signs of a structural crack is that it gets larger over time, and you won't know if a crack is growing unless you monitor it.

Vertical foundation cracks, Vertical cracks in a foundation wall that go from the top of the wall down to the floor also usually aren't structural because there's no obstruction stopping the home's load from reaching the footing. The load simply passes on either side of the crack as it makes its way to the footing.

Cracks isolated to one block in a concrete block wall, A single, hairline crack in just one cinder block is usually a sign of damage during construction or transportation and does not present a structural issue.

If you see any of these cracks you should monitor to them to see if they grow larger. If they do, they're probably structural cracks.

Causes of non-structural cracks

Non-structural foundation cracks are mostly caused by shrinkage during the concrete curing process.

Photos of non-structural cracks, Click on an image to enlarge

Structural Cracks

Structural foundation cracks are the ones you really need to worry about. These types of cracks affect the integrity and stability of your home's foundation. They can be caused by a number of factors, such as poor construction techniques, soil movement, and even excessive water. It's important to note that structural foundation cracks can pose serious safety risks, so it's crucial to get them fixed as soon as possible.

It's important to note that we are talking about cracks in poured concrete and concrete block foundation walls, not cracks in drywall or plaster.

Characteristics of structural cracks

Over 1/10 inch wide, Structural cracks are usually wider than 1/10 inch (often wider at one end than the other) and grow larger over time.

Stair step cracks in block or brick walls

Horizonal foundation cracks in walls, with or without bowing, These are almost always structural. Understanding the mechanics of horizontal foundation cracks is essential, as they often indicate high hydrostatic pressure pushing against the wall.

A series of vertical cracks next to each other

Large diagonal cracks

Cracks in a ceiling that run across the ceiling and down a wall, These are usually structural cracks.

If you see any of these cracks, contact a foundation repair professional immediately for a foundation inspection.

Causes of structural cracks

Various things cause structural cracks, including, but not limited to, expansive soils, voids under the foundation, soil that can't properly support the structure, soil that wasn't adequately compacted before construction, and improper grading that causes water to pool near the foundation. Homeowners should stay alert for serious foundation crack signs like sudden widening or daylight visible through the gap, which require immediate professional attention.

Photos of structural cracks, Click on an image to enlarge

Common signs of structural problems include windows and doors that stick, uneven floors, and cracked walls and floors. For more information about the signs of foundation settlement, check out more about, What Are House Settling Cracks?

Foundation repair methods:

Reviewing the various foundation repair methods available today can help you understand the specialized engineering required to stabilize a failing home.

Repairing non-structural foundation cracks

Non-structural foundation cracks can be repaired using epoxy injection. The process involves injecting an epoxy resin into the cracks using specialized equipment. For minor, non-leaking shrinkage issues, a high-quality cracked foundation repair kit can sometimes provide a temporary seal until a professional can assess the area. The resin then hardens and creates a strong bond with the surrounding concrete, effectively sealing the crack and preventing further damage.

Epoxy injection is particularly effective for repairing non-structural cracks because it is a low-cost, non-invasive solution that can be completed quickly without causing major disruptions to the building or property.

Repairing structural foundation cracks

Carbon fiber straps are one popular option for repairing structural cracks in a foundation wall. These straps are made from high-strength carbon fibers and are applied to the wall using a specialized adhesive. Once in place, the carbon fiber straps provide additional support and stability to the wall, helping to prevent further cracking and damage.

Another solution is wall plate anchors, which are used to reinforce the foundation wall and prevent it from bowing or leaning. These anchors are installed on the interior of the wall and are designed to transfer the weight of the wall to a reinforced soil bed, providing additional support and stability.

Push piers are a third possible solution for repairing structural cracks in a foundation wall caused by differential settlement. These piers are installed beneath the foundation and are designed to provide additional support and stability to the wall.

Why you should fix structural foundation cracks as soon as possible

Structural cracks should be fixed as soon as possible because not only are they already affecting your home's structural integrity, but they will get worse over time. The longer you wait, the more you're going to pay to repair the damage. For example, a horizontal crack in a basement wall can lead to bowing. The infographic below provides average cost estimates in the Midwest (such as foundation repair in Omaha and Lincoln, NE) to repair a bowing wall depending on the severity.

As we mentioned above, homeowners should monitor non-structural cracks for signs of growth. If they start to grow, you might have a structural crack.

Cracks in a foundation: When to worry

Any cracks that appear to be structural (see above discussion about structural vs. non-structural cracks) should be immediately inspected by either a foundation repair professional or a structural engineer. They will be able to determine if they're indeed structural cracks and if they are, they'll be able to give you information about the severity of the settlement. A geotechnical engineer can also provide you with information about the soil under the foundation. However, hiring a structural engineer to perform a foundation inspection or a geotechnical engineer to examine the soil can cost thousands of dollars.

While no structural crack is a DIY repair project, homeowners can use a plumb line to determine the severity of a bowing basement wall (see graphic above). This quick test will let you know if the wall is indeed bowing, and if it is, you can contact a contractor for basement wall repair.

Frequently Asked Questions About Foundation Cracks

Who repairs foundation cracks?

If your home has one or more foundation cracks, you should contact an experienced, licensed, and insured foundation repair professional and ask for a foundation inspection and estimate.

How much does it cost to fix foundation cracks?

Our price for a single crack is $2,350, while stabilizing a foundation that has one or more serious structural cracks could cost you around $2,350, $20,000 or more, depending on the severity of the issue. For more information about the cost of fixing various foundation issues, see the FAQ on our home page. Remember, these prices reflect the cost of foundation repairs in our service area only.

The cost of fixing foundation cracks depends on whether the crack is structural or non-structural, the severity of the problem, and what needs to be done to fix it. It will probably come as no surprise that non-structural cracks cost less to repair than structural cracks.

The cost of repairing a foundation crack also depends on your geographical location. Therefore, we can't even give a ballpark estimate. The only way to know how much it will cost to repair any particular foundation crack is to contact a foundation repair contractor for an inspection and estimate. Most contractors will do the inspection for free.

Does homeowners insurance cover foundation cracks?

Most homeowner's insurance policies probably won't cover foundation crack repair unless the crack was caused by something the policy covers. For example, many homeowners have earthquake and/or flood insurance coverage. Check your policy to find out what's covered and what isn't.

Which foundation cracks can be repaired DIY?

Only minor, non-structural foundation cracks can be repaired DIY. However, even these should be inspected by a professional to make sure they're not structural cracks in disguise. Sometimes, what looks like a minor, non-structural crack, can actually turn out to be a structural crack. Of course, structural cracks are most definitely not DIY projects. Only experienced foundation repair contractors should fix structural cracks.

Is it safe to live in a house with foundation problems?

Sometimes it is, sometimes it isn't. It depends on the type and the severity of the foundation problem. The only way to know for sure if it's safe to live in a house with foundation problems is to contact either an experienced foundation repair contractor or a structural engineer and ask for an inspection. Most foundation repair contractors will do a free inspection and then provide you with an estimated repair cost.

Also read, when to walk away from foundation issues.

How to prevent foundation cracks

Since water is the cause of most foundation problems, good drainage around your home's foundation is essential. Make sure your yard is properly graded so that water doesn't pool near the foundation. Also, clogged gutters and downspouts that are too short will dump water next to the foundation where it can sink into the soil. Therefore, you'll want to clean your gutters regularly and install downspout extensions, if necessary.

Structural foundation cracks can be expensive repair jobs that cost thousands of dollars, sometimes tens of thousands of dollars. Therefore, the most cost-effective solution for homeowners is to prevent a problem from happening in the first place.

If you're a homeowner, you can't afford to merely react to foundation problems after they arise. Homeowners need to be proactive. If you see any foundation cracks, no matter how small, contact a professional for an inspection. Keep a close eye on hairline cracks to see if they grow. Sometimes what appears to be a non-structural crack can, over time, turn into a structural crack.

If you've noticed one or more suspicious cracks in your home, and you're in our service area in Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri, contact us today for a repair estimate.

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